Endophyte fungi, Cladosporium species-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles possessing in vitro antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-Alzheimer activity

Figures & data

Table 1. Phytochemical analysis of endophytic fungi Cladosporium species extract.

Phytochemicals	Indication
Carbohydrates	+
Tannin	+
Phenolic glycosides	+
Flavonoids	−
Terpenoids	+
Alkaloids	+
Phenol	+
Saponins	−
Anthraquinones	+

Experiments were repeated thrice for each experiment; +: presence; −: not present

Figure 1. Preparation of silver nanoparticles: (A) Pure culture of Cladosporium species, (B) Cladosporium species extract and (C) colour changes was observed due to bioreduction of AgNO₃.

Figure 2. Characterization of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Cladosporium species. (A) UV-Vis spectra, (B) XRD pattern, (C) IR-spectra, (D) SEM images at 50KX magnification, (E) spectra of EDX.

Figure 3. DPPH scavenging activities of Cladosporium species-mediated synthesized silver nanoparticles and compared the values with standard ascorbic acid and Cladosporium species extract alone.

Figure 4. Total antioxidant activity of Cladosporium species-mediated silver nanoparticles compared with standard ascorbic acid and Cladosporium extract alone.

Figure 5. Anti-diabetic activity of Cladosporium species-mediated silver nanoparticles, Cladosporium species extract and respective standard drugs.

Figure 6. Percent insulin sensitization and glucose uptake activity of CsAgNPs extract on different cell line.

Table 2. Anticholinesterase activity of Cladosporium species-mediated synthesis of AgNPs, Cladosporium species extract and respective standard drugs.

Samples	AChE assay IC50 (mg/ml)	BChE assay IC50 (mg/ml)
CsAgNPs	28.11 + 1.08	131.84 + 1.08
Cs extract	158.79 + 2.1	384.97 + 2.8
Galantamine	39.81 + 0.47	2.6 + 1.1

IC50 values represent the means ± standard deviation of three parallel measurements.