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Research Article

Highly effective biosynthesis of N-acetylated human thymosin β4 (Tβ4) in Escherichia coli

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Pages 95-104 | Received 03 Apr 2018, Accepted 23 May 2018, Published online: 10 Jul 2018

Figures & data

Figure 1. The nucleotide sequence of ssArd1.

Figure 1. The nucleotide sequence of ssArd1.

Figure 2. The one-step chromosomal integration strategy of ssArd1.

Figure 2. The one-step chromosomal integration strategy of ssArd1.

Figure 3. The nucleotide (A) and protein sequence (B) of rhTβ4-Intein.

Figure 3. The nucleotide (A) and protein sequence (B) of rhTβ4-Intein.

Figure 4. Expression and purification of N-acetylated rhTβ4. (A) SDS-PAGE analysis of the expression of rhTβ4-Intein fusion protein in three batches of 30L fermentation broth in E. coli. (B) SDS-PAGE analysis of the purified rhTβ4 from three batches fermentation. Lane M: low molecular protein Marker; Lane A1–3: ultrasonic supernatant s of three batches; Lane B1–3: purified rhTβ4 of three batches.

Figure 4. Expression and purification of N-acetylated rhTβ4. (A) SDS-PAGE analysis of the expression of rhTβ4-Intein fusion protein in three batches of 30L fermentation broth in E. coli. (B) SDS-PAGE analysis of the purified rhTβ4 from three batches fermentation. Lane M: low molecular protein Marker; Lane A1–3: ultrasonic supernatant s of three batches; Lane B1–3: purified rhTβ4 of three batches.

Figure 5. The accurate molecular mass, whole sequence and N-acetylation of rhTβ4 detected by Mass Spectrometer. (A) High resolution precise molecular weight (after deconvolution); (B) Mascot search result of the whole sequence and the coverage was 100%; (C) Mascot search result of the 1–22 Aa of rhTβ4 showed the N-terminal was fully acetylated.

Figure 5. The accurate molecular mass, whole sequence and N-acetylation of rhTβ4 detected by Mass Spectrometer. (A) High resolution precise molecular weight (after deconvolution); (B) Mascot search result of the whole sequence and the coverage was 100%; (C) Mascot search result of the 1–22 Aa of rhTβ4 showed the N-terminal was fully acetylated.

Figure 6. Purity of sTβ4 and rhTβ4 from different batches detected by SEC-HPLC.

Figure 6. Purity of sTβ4 and rhTβ4 from different batches detected by SEC-HPLC.

Figure 7. Stability analysis of the of rhTβ4 by SDS-PAGE. (A) rhTβ4 kept at different temperature on month 0; (B): rhTβ4 kept at different temperature on month 12;: rhTβ4 kept at different temperature on month 24. Lane M, low molecule protein marker; Lane 1, 2 ∼ 8 °C; Lane 2, –20 °C; Lane 3, –80 °C.

Figure 7. Stability analysis of the of rhTβ4 by SDS-PAGE. (A) rhTβ4 kept at different temperature on month 0; (B): rhTβ4 kept at different temperature on month 12;: rhTβ4 kept at different temperature on month 24. Lane M, low molecule protein marker; Lane 1, 2 ∼ 8 °C; Lane 2, –20 °C; Lane 3, –80 °C.

Figure 8. Binding activity of sTβ4 and rhTβ4 with actin from human platelet (A) and bovine cardiac muscle (B).

Figure 8. Binding activity of sTβ4 and rhTβ4 with actin from human platelet (A) and bovine cardiac muscle (B).

Figure 9. Tear volume evaluated by Schirmer I test (SIt) (A) and tear film break up time (BUT) (B).

Figure 9. Tear volume evaluated by Schirmer I test (SIt) (A) and tear film break up time (BUT) (B).

Figure 10. Corneal fluorescein staining (A) and scores (B). a: Normal group without any treatment; b: Dry eyes group without any treatment; c: Dry eyes group treated with PBS; d: Dry eyes group treated with Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium Eye Drops; e: Dry eyes group treated with Tacrolimus Eye Drops; f: Dry eyes group treated with 0.05% rhTβ4; g: Dry eyes group treated with 0.1% rhTβ4.

Figure 10. Corneal fluorescein staining (A) and scores (B). a: Normal group without any treatment; b: Dry eyes group without any treatment; c: Dry eyes group treated with PBS; d: Dry eyes group treated with Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium Eye Drops; e: Dry eyes group treated with Tacrolimus Eye Drops; f: Dry eyes group treated with 0.05% rhTβ4; g: Dry eyes group treated with 0.1% rhTβ4.

Figure 11. Haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining (A) and periodic acid schiff (PAS) (B) staining of corneal tissue sections. a: Normal group without any treatment; b: Dry eyes group without any treatment; c: Dry eyes group treated with PBS; d: Dry eyes group treated with Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium Eye Drops; e: Dry eyes group treated with Tacrolimus Eye Drops; f: Dry eyes group treated with 0.05% rhTβ4; g: Dry eyes group treated with 0.1% rhTβ4.

Figure 11. Haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining (A) and periodic acid schiff (PAS) (B) staining of corneal tissue sections. a: Normal group without any treatment; b: Dry eyes group without any treatment; c: Dry eyes group treated with PBS; d: Dry eyes group treated with Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium Eye Drops; e: Dry eyes group treated with Tacrolimus Eye Drops; f: Dry eyes group treated with 0.05% rhTβ4; g: Dry eyes group treated with 0.1% rhTβ4.

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