Biogenesis of copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) using leaf extract of Allium noeanum, antioxidant and in-vitro cytotoxicity

Figures & data

Figure 1. UV-visible spectra of A. noeanum extract (a) and biosynthesized Cu NPs (b).

Figure 2. FT-IR of A. noeanum extract (a) and biosynthesized Cu NPs (b).

Figure 3. FESEM image of biosynthesized Cu NPs with its elemental mapping of C, O and Cu respectively.

Figure 4. EDX data for biosynthesized Cu NPs.

Figure 5. TEM image of biosynthesized Cu NPs and its particle size distribution histogram (inset).

Figure 6. XRD pattern of biosynthesized Cu NPs.

Figure 7. The antioxidant properties of Cu(NO₃)₂, A. noeanum leaf aqueous extract, CuNPs, and BHT against DPPH.

Table 1. The IC50 of Cu(NO₃)₂, A. noeanum leaf aqueous extract, CuNPs, and BHT in the antioxidant test.

	Cu(NO3)2 (µg/mL)	A. noeanum (µg/mL)	CuNPs (µg/mL)	BHT (µg/mL)
IC50 against DPPH	–	445	160	241

Figure 8. The cytotoxicity properties of Cu(NO₃)₂, A. noeanum leaf aqueous extract, and CuNPs against the HUVEC cell line.

Figure 9. The anti-human endometrial cancer properties of Cu(NO₃)₂, A. noeanum leaf aqueous extract, and CuNPs against the HEC-1-B cell line.

Figure 10. The anti-human endometrial cancer properties of Cu(NO₃)₂, A. noeanum leaf aqueous extract, and CuNPs against the HEC-1-A cell line.

Figure 11. The anti-human endometrial cancer properties of Cu(NO₃)₂, A. noeanum leaf aqueous extract, and CuNPs against the KLE cell line.

Figure 12. The anti-human endometrial cancer properties of Cu(NO₃)₂, A. noeanum leaf aqueous extract, and CuNPs against the Ishikawa cell line.

Table 2. The IC50 of Cu(NO₃)₂, A. noeanum leaf aqueous extract, and CuNPs in cytotoxicity test.

	Cu(NO3)2 (µg/mL)	A. noeanum (µg/mL)	CuNPs (µg/mL)
IC50 against HUVEC	–	–	–
IC50 against HEC-1-B	–	548	331
IC50 against HEC-1-A	–	583	356
IC50 against KLE	–	609	411
IC50 against Ishikawa	–	560	357

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.