Copper oxide (CuO) and manganese oxide (MnO) nanoparticles induced biomass accumulation, antioxidants biosynthesis and abiotic elicitation of bioactive compounds in callus cultures of Ocimum basilicum (Thai basil)

Figures & data

Figure 1. Determination of Biomass (A) Dry weight and B) Fresh weight analysis, in callus cultures of Thai basil grown on MS media supplemented with different concentrations of CuO-NPs and MgO-NPs.

Figure 2. (A) Total phenolic contents and (B) Total flavonoid contents in callus cultures of Thai basil grown on MS media supplemented with different concentrations of CuO-NPs and MgO-NPs.

Table 1. Comparative effect of CuO-NPs and MgO-NPs on production of secondary metabolites in callus culture of Thai basil.

Nanoparticles	Concentrations (mg/L)	Phenylpropanoid compounds (mg/g DW)
		Rosmarinic acid	Chicoric acid	Caffeic acid	Cyanidin	Peonidin
CuO-NPs	Control	7.4 ± 0.7	11.7 ± 0.5	0.07 ± 0.03	0.43 ± 0.04	0.24 ± 0.03
	1	7.1 ± 0.5	9.7 ± 0.2	0.10 ± 0.05	1.26 ± 0.4	0.76 ± 0.09
	5	7.1 ± 0.7	12.3 ± 0.3	0.11 ± 0.06	1.68 ± 0.4	0.98 ± 0.2
	10	11.4 ± 0.6	16.6 ± 0.5	0.15 ± 0.05	2.02 ± 0.5	1.18 ± 0.3
	25	9.5 ± 0.8	14.8 ± 0.3	0.13 ± 0.06	1.87 ± 0.3	0.95 ± 0.1
	50	8.1 ± 0.5	11.5 ± 0.3	0.13 ± 0.05	1.35 ± 0.5	0.87 ± 0.08
	100	6.7 ± 0.4	11.2 ± 0.4	0.10 ± 0.05	1.12 ± 0.3	0.72 ± 0.09
MgO-NPs	1	4.8 ± 0.3	9.8 ± 0.4	0.11 ± 0.04	1.15 ± 0.4	0.81 ± 0.08
	5	5.5 ± 0.6	11.6 ± 0.5	0.14 ± 0.03	1.58 ± 0.4	0.87 ± 0.06
	10	7.1 ± 0.5	12.2 ± 0.4	0.17 ± 0.06	1.73 ± 0.5	0.95 ± 0.07
	25	8.5 ± 0.6	15.8 ± 0.7	0.2 ± 0.05	1.97 ± 0.6	0.99 ± 0.09
	50	4.7 ± 0.4	14.6 ± 0.6	0.17 ± 0.06	1.64 ± 0.6	0.92 ± 0.08
	100	3.9 ± 0.5	9.8 ± 0.3	0.16 ± 0.05	1.21 ± 0.4	0.87 ± 0.09

Table 2. Comparative effect of CuO-NPs and MgO-NPs on essential oil components in callus culture of Thai basil.

Nanoparticles	Concentrations	Essential oil components
		Eugenol (mg/g DW)	Methyl eugenol (µg/g DW)	Chavicol (µg/g DW)	Methyl chavicol (µg/g DW)
	Control	0.18 ± 0.004	0.08 ± 0.001	22.5 ± 0.8	0.09 ± 0.002
CuO-NPs	1	0.17 ± 0.003	0.11 ± 0.001	22.6 ± 0.7	0.08 ± 0.001
	5	0.18 ± 0.003	0.14 ± 0.002	26.8 ± 0.7	0.13 ± 0.002
	10	0.21 ± 0.004	0.17 ± 0.002	30.0 ± 0.9	0.17 ± 0.002
	25	0.19 ± 0.003	0.15 ± 0.002	28.1 ± 0.7	0.06 ± 0.001
	50	0.15 ± 0.003	0.09 ± 0.001	25.6 ± 0.6	0.07 ± 0.001
	100	0.13 ± 0.002	0.06 ± 0.001	16.6 ± 0.5	0.06 ± 0.002
MgO-NPs	1	0.16 ± 0.003	0.04 ± 0.001	18.7 ± 0.7	0.07 ± 0.001
	5	0.14 ± 0.003	0.06 ± 0.001	20.7 ± 0.6	0.06 ± 0.001
	10	0.19 ± 0.003	0.08 ± 0.001	19.3 ± 0.8	0.08 ± 0.002
	25	0.16 ± 0.004	0.11 ± 0.002	22.3 ± 0.6	0.08 ± 0.001
	50	0.12 ± 0.002	0.06 ± 0.001	16.0 ± 0.7	0.07 ± 0.001
	100	0.13 ± 0.003	0.04 ± 0.001	13.0 ± 0.6	0.07 ± 0.001

Figure 3. (A) Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and (B) peroxidase (POD) activities in callus cultures of Thai basil grown on MS media supplemented with different concentrations of CuO-NPs and MgO-NPs.

Table 3. Comparative effect of CuO-NPs and MgO-NPs on in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities in callus culture of Thai basil.

Nanoparticles	Concentrations	In vitro antioxidant activities			In vivo antioxidant activity
		DPPH (%)	ABTS (TEAC)	FRAP (TEAC)	CAA (% inhibition)
	Control	93.1 ± 4.3	848.3 ± 11.5	384.7 ± 4.1	47.9 ± 2.1
CuO-NPs	1	81.3 ± 3.7	574.6 ± 10.5	357.5 ± 10.7	46.9 ± 2.5
	5	87.7 ± 3.8	632.4 ± 12.5	377.9 ± 12.5	50.7 ± 2.3
	10	94.7 ± 4.2	881.4 ± 9.0	386.1 ± 15.0	52.4 ± 2.5
	25	89.2 ± 3.2	714.6 ± 13.0	315.3 ± 9.01	48.8 ± 2.4
	50	88.5 ± 2.2	669.3 ± 10.5	369.8 ± 11.5	43.3 ± 1.9
	100	87.4 ± 1.2	617.6 ± 11.6	367.5 ± 11.0	42.0 ± 2.7
MgO-NPs	1	82.3 ± 3.7	523.2 ± 10.7	332.0 ± 7.0	43.2 ± 2.5
	5	82.5 ± 3.8	585.2 ± 12.5	381.7 ± 11.0	45.9 ± 2.5
	10	87.0 ± 5.1	645.3 ± 13.0	407.3 ± 10.0	49.3 ± 2.2
	25	91.1 ± 5.0	749.7 ± 15.2	428.3 ± 14.6	50.7 ± 2.7
	50	88.0 ± 3.5	688.2 ± 10.2	413.0 ± 12.0	45.1 ± 2.5
	100	86.8 ± 3.5	565.5 ± 7.1	401.0 ± 11.5	39.4 ± 2.3

Data availability statement

The data is available with the 1st author and corresponding author of this article