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Research Article

Scalable Digital Twins for industry 4.0 digital services: a dataspaces approach

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Article: 2173680 | Received 09 Mar 2022, Accepted 23 Jan 2023, Published online: 06 Feb 2023

Figures & data

Figure 1. Reference architecture model for the industry 4.0 (Source: Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (Citation2019)).

Figure 1. Reference architecture model for the industry 4.0 (Source: Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (Citation2019)).

Figure 2. Interactions of IDS components according to the IDS-RAM (Source: Otto et al. (Citation2019)).

Figure 2. Interactions of IDS components according to the IDS-RAM (Source: Otto et al. (Citation2019)).

Figure 3. Planning of the work phases.

Figure 3. Planning of the work phases.

Figure 4. Pyramid of the key concepts presented on this paper.

Figure 4. Pyramid of the key concepts presented on this paper.

Figure 5. Architecture concept model proposed in this paper.

Figure 5. Architecture concept model proposed in this paper.

Figure 6. Concept of the connection between IDS connectors.

Figure 6. Concept of the connection between IDS connectors.

Figure 7. First architecture model with IDS (Based on: Otto et al. (Citation2019)).

Figure 7. First architecture model with IDS (Based on: Otto et al. (Citation2019)).

Figure 8. AAS simplified metamodel.

Figure 8. AAS simplified metamodel.

Figure 9. Information model of the asset administration shell.

Figure 9. Information model of the asset administration shell.

Figure 10. Illustration of the requirements that enlightened the importance of the digital twin.

Figure 10. Illustration of the requirements that enlightened the importance of the digital twin.

Figure 11. Illustration of the initial digital twin concept.

Figure 11. Illustration of the initial digital twin concept.

Figure 12. Lifecycles of the product stages of the physical product & digital twin.

Figure 12. Lifecycles of the product stages of the physical product & digital twin.

Figure 13. Illustration of the applied architecture model in the case study (Firstly introduced in: Moreno et al. (Citation2021)).

Figure 13. Illustration of the applied architecture model in the case study (Firstly introduced in: Moreno et al. (Citation2021)).

Figure 14. Example of an AAS from the case study.

Figure 14. Example of an AAS from the case study.

Figure 15. Snippet of the swagger UI documentation.

Figure 15. Snippet of the swagger UI documentation.

Figure 16. Illustration of the application scheme regarding its installation and operation process.

Figure 16. Illustration of the application scheme regarding its installation and operation process.