Preparation of low-cost nano and microcomposites from chicken eggshell, nano-silica and rice husk ash and their utilisations as additives for producing geopolymer cements

Figures & data

Table 1. Chemical compositions of kaolin (Dib₀), rice husk ash (RHA), eggshell, and eggshell-900, %wt. LOI: Loss of ignition at 1000°C for 2 h.

Samples Oxides	Dib0 (Tchakouté et al. [15,16])	RHA	eggshell	eggshell-900
Na2O	<0.10	/	0.136	/
MgO	0.20	0.28	0.855	0.961
Al2O3	33.90	0.58	0.233	0.24
SiO2	47.10	93.20	0.243	0.373
P2O5	0.034	/	0.476	0.491
SO3	<0.02	/	0.206	0.326
K2O	0.42	3.05	0.071	/
CaO	0.21	0.57	93.166	96.355
TiO2	0.83	0.03	/	/
Cr2O3	/	/	/	/
Fe2O3	0.99	2.20	0.085	0.11
ZnO	/	/	/	/
SrO	/	/	0.288	/
ZrO2	/	/	/	/
Others	/	1.78	/	/
LOI	14.75	1.2	/	/

Figure 1. Particle size distribution of rice husk ash and precipitated silica.

Figure 2. X-ray patterns of calcium hydroxide (CH), microcomposite (SCaS), and nanocomposite (ACaS). C, CH, CSH, and Ca denote reflection peaks of cristobalite, calcium hydroxide, calcium silicate hydrate, and calcite, respectively.

Figure 3. Infrared spectra of calcium hydroxide (CH), nanocomposite (ACaS) and microcomposite (SCaS).

Figure 4. X-ray patterns of the selected metakaolin-based geopolymer cements G0, GSCaS10, GACaS10, and GCH10.

Figure 5. Infrared spectra of metakaolin-based geopolymer cements G0, GCH10, and GCH20.

Figure 6. Infrared spectra of metakaolin-based geopolymer cements G0, GACaS10, and GACaS 20.

Figure 7. Infrared spectra of metakaolin-based geopolymer cements G0, GSCaS10, and GSCaS 20.

Figure 8. Apparent density of metakaolin-based geopolymer cements.

Figure 9. Compressive strengths of metakaolin-based geopolymer cements.

Figure 10. Micrograph images of the selected metakaolin-based geopolymer cements G0, GSCaS10, GACaS10, and GCH10.

Figure 11. Cumulative specific intrusion volumes versus average pore size radius.

Tchakouté HK, Rüscher CH, Kong S, et al. Comparison of metakaolin-based geopolymer cements from commercial sodium waterglass and sodium waterglass from rice husk ash. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol. 2016;78:492–506.

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Tchakouté HK, Rüscher CH, Djobo JNY, et al. In?uence of gibbsite and quartz in kaolin on the properties of metakaolin-based geopolymer cements. Appl Clay Sci. 2015;107:188–194.

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