Emergency Centre-based paediatric procedural sedation: current practice and challenges in Cape Town

Figures & data

Figure 1: Specific indications for PPSA.

Figure 2: Frequency of use of preferred medications.

Table 1: Drug dosage ranges used by respondents

Drug	Respondents/62	Mean dose mg/kg	SD	Range
Ketamine
IV	40	1.58	0.75	0.50	3.00
IM	10	3.28	2.09	0.75	8.00
PO	1	5.00	–	5.00	5.00
Midazolam
IV	33	1.02	2.52	0.04	10.00
IM	1	0.50	–	0.50	0.50
PO	5	0.31	0.23	0.10	0.60
I/N	4	0.54	0.32	0.30	1.00
Morphine
IV	31	2.87	4.08	0.08	15.00
I/N	1	0.30	–	0.30	0.30
IM	1	10.00	–	10.00	10.00
Propofol	21	1.93	1.98	0.50	10.00
Chloral hydrate	16	53.75	11.73	25.00	75.00
Diazepam	10	3.38	4.32	0.10	10.00
Lorazepam
IV	3	0.06	0.01	0.05	0.08
IM	1	2.50	–	2.50	2.50
PO	2	0.55	0.64	0.10	1.00
Other	6	1.00	0.00	1.00	1.00

Figure 3: Patient monitoring.

Figure 4: Obstacles to performing PPSA.