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Articles

Genetic cluster analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and the identification of those responsible for the major outbreaks in various countries

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Pages 1287-1299 | Received 22 Apr 2020, Accepted 21 May 2020, Published online: 11 Jun 2020

Figures & data

Figure 1. Phylogentic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes. Four super-spreader clusters (SSs) were identified. Each SS was found to exhibit a signature mutation profile.

Figure 1. Phylogentic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes. Four super-spreader clusters (SSs) were identified. Each SS was found to exhibit a signature mutation profile.

Table 1. Mutation analysis of genome sequences in super-spreader cluster 1.

Table 2. Mutation analysis of genome sequences in super-spreader cluster 2.

Table 3. Mutation analysis of genome sequences in super-spreader cluster 3.

Table 4. Mutation analysis of genome sequences in super-spreader cluster 4.

Figure 2. Changes in the distribution pattern and mutation rate of different super-spreader clusters in various continents over time. Distribution of different SSs and their mutations (a) Overall, (b) in China, (c), in Asian countries excluding China, (d) in Europe, (e) in Oceania, and (f) in North America. Two genomes with over 20 mutations were not included to facilitate easy visualization of the graphs.

Figure 2. Changes in the distribution pattern and mutation rate of different super-spreader clusters in various continents over time. Distribution of different SSs and their mutations (a) Overall, (b) in China, (c), in Asian countries excluding China, (d) in Europe, (e) in Oceania, and (f) in North America. Two genomes with over 20 mutations were not included to facilitate easy visualization of the graphs.

Table 5. Distribution of different types of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide after 29 February 2020.

Figure 3. Transmission of super-spreaders and other derivatives of the original SARS-CoV-2 in different parts of world. Derivative strains of the original virus have been transmitted worldwide and contributed to the early outbreak of COVID-19. SS1 strains were transmitted mainly in Asia and the US but were less prevalent in other parts of the world. SS2 and SS3 strains were transmitted mainly in Asian countries other than China, as well as Europe from mid January to mid February. SS4 strains were transmitted mainly in Europe at the beginning of the pandemic and were then transmitted to all over the world.

Figure 3. Transmission of super-spreaders and other derivatives of the original SARS-CoV-2 in different parts of world. Derivative strains of the original virus have been transmitted worldwide and contributed to the early outbreak of COVID-19. SS1 strains were transmitted mainly in Asia and the US but were less prevalent in other parts of the world. SS2 and SS3 strains were transmitted mainly in Asian countries other than China, as well as Europe from mid January to mid February. SS4 strains were transmitted mainly in Europe at the beginning of the pandemic and were then transmitted to all over the world.
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