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Influenza infections

Infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus (HPAIV) H5N8 in harbor seals at the German North Sea coast, 2021

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Pages 725-729 | Received 16 Nov 2021, Accepted 14 Feb 2022, Published online: 01 Mar 2022

Figures & data

Figure 1. Phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin (HA) encoding sequences of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) subtype H5N8. (A) Complete H5 encoding nucleotide sequences obtained from brain tissues of three seals determined within this study (indicated in bold) were compared to sequences of H5N8 HPAIV previously detected in seals from Poland (2016), England (2020) and a human case (2020) from Russia [Citation4,Citation7,Citation14]. In addition, a representative set of H5 sequences affiliated to clade 2.3.4.4b is included. Sequences were obtained from the EpiFluTM GISAID database and accession numbers are indicated next to the cryptograms [Citation15]. Phylogeny was performed using a maximum likelihood approach implemented in MegaX (best fit model: HKY + G). Numbers at nodes represent bootstrap values of 70 or higher. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site. (B) Variant amino acids in the HA, PA, PB1 and PB2 proteins are shown for selected sequences (indicated by * in the phylogenetic tree, panel A), respectively. Positions of amino acid substitutions implicated in adaptation to mammalian hosts are given in the top row.

Figure 1. Phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin (HA) encoding sequences of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) subtype H5N8. (A) Complete H5 encoding nucleotide sequences obtained from brain tissues of three seals determined within this study (indicated in bold) were compared to sequences of H5N8 HPAIV previously detected in seals from Poland (2016), England (2020) and a human case (2020) from Russia [Citation4,Citation7,Citation14]. In addition, a representative set of H5 sequences affiliated to clade 2.3.4.4b is included. Sequences were obtained from the EpiFluTM GISAID database and accession numbers are indicated next to the cryptograms [Citation15]. Phylogeny was performed using a maximum likelihood approach implemented in MegaX (best fit model: HKY + G). Numbers at nodes represent bootstrap values of 70 or higher. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site. (B) Variant amino acids in the HA, PA, PB1 and PB2 proteins are shown for selected sequences (indicated by * in the phylogenetic tree, panel A), respectively. Positions of amino acid substitutions implicated in adaptation to mammalian hosts are given in the top row.
Supplemental material

Supplemental Material

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