Analysis and optimization of frequency control in isolated microgrid with double-fed induction-generators based wind turbine

Figures & data

Figure 1. Double-fed induction-generator based wind turbine.

Figure 2. Double-fed induction-generator based wind turbines controllers [23]. (a) Inertial emulation control. (b) Control based on frequency change.

Figure 3. Dynamic model of wind turbine. (a) With reheat. (b) Without reheat.

Figure 4. Dynamic model of frequency control. (a) Transmission power grid. (b) Dynamic configuration of microgrid.

Figure 5. Microgrid dynamic configuration for frequency control.

Table 1. PSO parameters tuning.

PSO	Population	Iteration	$\omega$	${\mathrm{c}}_1$	${\mathrm{c}}_2$
Parameters	50	20	0.7298	1.4962	1.4962

Table 2. Optimum DFIG speed controller in different wind penetration.

Wind penetration	%5	%15	%25	%50
Best Cost	6.3693	2.9165	5.8219	13.9137
Settling Time	6.3517	2.9153	5.8181	13.8912
Overshoot	0.0176	0.0012	0.0039	0.0224
${\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{w}\mathrm{p}}$	6.5632	7.1054	9.0979	61.3507
${\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{w}\mathrm{i}}$	5.2677	0.8851	0.01	0.01

Figure 6. Convergence curve with %5 DFIG penetration (PSO).

Figure 7. Speed and power variation with %15 DFIG penetration. (a) Speed variation with %5, %10, %15 and %20 DFIG penetration. (b) Power variation with %5, %10, %15 and %20 DFIG penetration.

Figure 8. Speed and power variation of double-fed induction-generator.

Figure 9. Non-reheat and rehear turbine power generation with %15 DFIG penetration (0.02 Pu disturbance).

Figure 10. Frequency variation with %5, %10, %15 and %20 DFIG penetration (0.02 Pu disturbance). (a) Frequency variation with %5 DFIG penetration (PSO and ISE) and without DFIG (0.02 Pu disturbance). (b) Frequency variation with %15 DFIG penetration and without DFIG (0.02 Pu disturbance).

Figure 11. Frequency variation with 15% and 5% DFIG penetration and without DFIG (0.02 Pu disturbance).

Figure 12. Settling time and overshot variation in various double-fed induction-generator penetration (0.02 Pu disturbance).

Figure 13. Frequency variation with %15 DFIG penetration (0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 Pu disturbance).

Figure 14. Speed and DFIG power variation with %20 DFIG penetration simultaneous with increase wind speed (0.02 Pu disturbance).

Figure 15. Non reheat and rehear turbine power generation with %20 DFIG penetration simultaneous with increase wind speed (0.02 Pu disturbance).

Verma YP, Kumar A. Load frequency control in deregulated power system with wind integrated system using fuzzy controller. Front Energy. 2013;7(2):245–254.

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