A scoping review of traditional food security in Alaska

Figures & data

Figure 1. Pillars of food security.

Table

Article(s) and study name (if applicable)	Geographic location	Study population	Diet measured? How?	Food security measured? How?	Food security pillar
Quantitative traditional food intake articles
Ballew et al. [3] The Alaska Traditional Diet Survey	13 Remote villages statewide	Alaska Native women (n=401) and men (n=253) aged 13–88 years	Yes – interviewer administered FFQ with portion sizes over the past 12 months	No	Food access and food utilisation
Bartell et al. [22] What People Eat: atka, Alaska, 1998–1999	1 Remote community in the Aleutians	34 of the 80 residents in Atka of unknown ages	Yes – FFQ and a 24-h recall	No	Food utilisation
Bersamin et al. [23] The Center for Alaska Native Health Research Pilot Study	3 Remote communities in SW Alaska	Alaska Native women (n=44) and men (n=48), aged 14–81 years	Yes – single 24-h recall	No	Food utilisation
Bersamin et al. [4] The Center for Alaska Native Health Research Study	7 Remote communities in SW Alaska	Alaska Native women (n=307) and men (n=241), aged 14–94 years	Yes – single 24-h recall	No	Food utilisation
Bersamin et al. [43] The Center for Alaska Native Health Research Study	7 Remote communities in SW Alaska	Alaska Native women (n=301) and men (n=230), aged 14–94 years	Yes – 24-h recall and a 3-day food from 54% of the participants	No	Food utilisation
Eliat-Adar et al. [44] Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaska Natives (GOCADAN) Stud	7 Remote villages in the Norton Sound region	Alaska Native women (n=677) and men (n=537), aged 18 years and older	Yes – FFQ from previous year; 97 food items classified into 28 food groups	No	Food utilisation
Heller and Scott [20] The Alaska Dietary Survey: 1956–1961	11 Rural villages in Alaska	Alaska Native women and men, children and adults	Yes – diet records of 3–7 day duration; collected on a seasonal basis	No	Food utilisation
Johnson et al. [21] The Alaska Native Dietary and Subsistence Food Assessment Project	12 Remote communities in SW Alaska	Alaska Native women (n=218) and men (n=115), aged 13–88 years	Yes – 24-h recalls during four seasons	No	Food utilisation
Luick et al. [41] The Center for Alaska Native Health Research Study	7 Remote communities in SW Alaska	Alaska Native women (n=284) and men (n=213), aged 14 years and older	Yes – 24-h recall and a subsample with an additional 3-day diet record	No	Food utilisation
Nash et al. [42] The Center for Alaska Native Health Research study	7 Remote communities in SW Alaska	Alaska Native women (n=403) and men (n=350), aged 18–94 years of age and older	Yes – 24-h recall and a 3-day diet record	No	Food utilisation
Nobmann et al. [28] The diet of Alaska Native Adults: 1987–1988	11 Urban and remote communities	Alaska Native women (n=186) and men (n=165), aged 20–63 years	Yes – 24-h recalls during 5 seasons over an 18-month period	No	Food utilisation
Nobmann et al. [26] The Alaska Siberia Project	1 Remote community (Gambell, Alaska)	Alaska Native women (n=57) and men (n=70), aged 40–87	Yes – 24-h dietary recall and a semi quantitative FFQ from the past year	No	Food utilisation
Nobmann and Lanier [24]	1 Urban community	Alaska Native women (n=74), aged 18–45 years	Yes – 24-h recalls (goal of 4)	No	Food utilisation and food access
Nobmann et al. [6] Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaska Natives (GOCADAN) Study	7 Remote villages in the Norton Sound region	Alaska Native women (n=480) and men (n=370), aged 17–92 years	Yes – semi-quantitative FFQ	No	Food utilisation and food access
Redwood et al. [37] The Education and Research Towards Health (EARTH) Study	26 Urban and remote communities	American Indian and Alaska Native women (n=2,323) and men (n=1,507), aged 18 and older	Yes – A semi quantitative diet history questionnaire tailored to region	No	Food access
Risica et al. [27] The Alaska Siberia Project	4 Remote communities in NW Alaska	Alaska Native women (n=225) and men (n=209), aged 25 or older	Yes – 24-h dietary recall	No	Food utilisation
Sharma et al. [25] The Alaska Native Dietary and Subsistence Food Assessment Project	6 Remote communities in SW Alaska	Alaska Native (Yup’ik) women, non pregnant or lactating (n=82), aged 18 and over	Yes – up to three 24-h recalls	No	Food utilisation
Smith et al. [30] The Alaska WIC Healthy Moms Survey *Also listed in Quantitative Food Security Articles	5 Rural and 1 urban communities	Predominantly (64%) Alaska Native women (n=122;: 60 from rural Alaska and 62 from urban Alaska), aged 19 and older	Yes – structured nutrition interviews (24-h recall and the Block Brief Food Frequency tool)	Yes – doesn’t state	Food access and food utilisation
Quantitative Food Security Articles
Loring et al. [29]	The Kenai Peninsula region	490 Randomly selected households	No	Yes – 6 question “coping strategies” questionnaire	Food access
Smith et al. [30] The Alaska WIC Healthy Moms Survey *Also listed in Quantitative Traditional Food Intake Articles	5 Rural and 1 urban communities	Predominantly (64%) Alaska Native women (n=122; 60 from rural Alaska and 62 from urban Alaska), aged 19 and older	Yes – structured nutrition interviews (24-h recall and the Block Brief Food Frequency tool)	Yes – doesn’t state	Food access and food utilisation
Qualitative Food Security Articles
Brubaker et al. [31]	12 Remote communities in NW Alaska	Communities were predominantly (85%) Alaska Native Inupiat Eskimos	No	No	Food utilisation
Burke et al. [39]	9 Remote communities in Southcentral and SE Alaska	Predominantly Caucasian women (n=23) and men (n=11)	No	No	Food access
Fazzino and Loring [35]	1 Urban community	Alaska Native men and women (n=39)	No	No	Food access
Flint et al. [32]	3 Remote communities in southcentral Alaska, the E Aleutian Islands, and NW Alaska	Predominantly Alaska Native men and women from 65 households	No	No	Food utilisation and food utilisation
Hupp et al. [40]	73 Remote and urban communities statewide	96 Individuals, both men and women	No	No	Food availability
Loring and Gerlach [33]	6 Remote communities along the Yukon River	25 Alaska Native individuals (predominantly men), aged 40–90 years	No	No	Food access and food availability
Magdanz et al. [36]	6 Remote NW Alaska communities	92 Alaska Native households	No	No	Food availability and food access
McNeeley and Shulski [34]	3 Remote communities in SW Alaska	25 Alaska Native individuals, aged 55 and older	No	No	Food availability and food utilisation

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Bartell SM, Nobmann ED, Ponce RA. What people eat: atka, Alaska, 1998–1999. Anchorage, AK: University of Alaska, Aleutian/Pribilof Islands Association, Inc., & IDM Consulting; 1999. ( IDM Consulting).

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Smith J, Johnson P, Easton P, et al. Food customs of Alaska women of childbearing age: the Alaska WIC Healthy Moms survey. Ecol Food Nutr. 2008;47(6):485–517.

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Loring PA, Gerlach SC, Harrison H. Seafood as local food: food security and locally caught seafood on Alaska’s Kenai Peninsula. J Agric Food Syst Community Dev. 2013;3(3):13–30.

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Loring PA, Gerlach SC. Food security and conservation of Yukon River salmon: are we asking too much of the Yukon River? Sustainability. 2010b;2(9):2965–2987.

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