The social determinants of healthy ageing in the Canadian Arctic

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive statistics of the sample of Inuit aged 50 years and older and of the SDH across the three health profiles, from the 2006 Aboriginal People Survey, weighted sample n = 4450

	Total sample	Health profiles of Inuit elders
		Poor health	Intermediate health	Good health
Measures	n(%)	%	%	%
Health profiles of Inuit elders
Poor health	1500 (33.3)
Intermediate health	1350 (30.0)
Good health	1650 (36.7)
Sex
Men	2300 (51.7)	44.8	50	57.6
Women	2150 (48.3)	55.2	50	42.4
Age (mean(SD))	61 (0.35)	65	58	60
SDH at the community level
Strenth of family ties in the community
Weak/moderate	1050 (23.6)	28.6	28.0 ^E	15.6
Strong	3250 (73.0)	71.4	72	84.4
Missing	150 (3.4)
Feeling of safety when walking in the community
Unsafe	1050 (23.6)	33.3	20.0 ^E	19.4 ^E
Safe	3100 (69.7)	66.7	80	80.6
Missing	300 (6.7)
Community socioeconomic tertile
Low	1550 (34.8)	41.4	22.2	39.4
Middle	1450 (32.6)	31	40.7	27.3
High	1450 (32.6)	27.6	37	33.3
SDH at the household level
Lived in an overcrowded household
Yes	1050 (23.6)	26.7	15.4 ^E	27.3
No	3400 (76.4)	73.3	84.6	72.7
Repairs needed in the house
Major repairs	1300 (29.2)	30.0	26.9	33.3
No/Minor repairs	3150 (70.8)	70.0	73.1	66.7
SDH at the individual level
Individual income
˂$20,000	2300 (51.7)	69	48.1	40.6
≥$20,000	2100 (47.2)	31	51.9	59.4
Missing	50 (1.1)
Marital status
Alone	1900 (42.7)	45.2	48	36.4
In a relationship	2550 (57.3)	54.8	52	63.6
% Of country food eaten/total meat
˂50%	850 (18.9)	21.4^E	25.0 ^E	16.1 ^E
≥50%	3300 (73.3)	78.6	75	83.9
Missing	350 (7.8)
Participated in on-the-land activities
No	650 (14.6)	24.1	7.7 ^E	12.1 ^E
Yes	3800 (85.4)	75.9	92.3	87.9
Participated in social activities
0	1000 (22.5)	33.3	23.1	15.6
1 or 2	1200 (27.0)	29.6	30.8	25
3 or more	2050 (46.1)	37	46.2	59.4
Missing	200 (4.50)

E: The estimate must be used carefully as it is associated with a high level of error.

Table 2. Multinomial regressions testing the association between the holistic indicator and each SDH measure, APS 2006 (weighted sample = 4450)*

	Intermediate health		Good health
	RRR (95%CI)	p value	RRR (95%CI)	p value
SDH at the community level
Feeling of safety when walking
Unsafe	ref		ref
Safe	1.37 (0.84;2.23)	0.205	1.41 (0.93;2.14)	0.108
Strength of family ties in the community
Weak	ref		ref
Strong	1.32 (0.76;2.30)	0.321	2.79 (1.77;4.39)	˂0.001
Community socioeconomic lower tertile
Lower tertile	ref		ref
Middle tertile	2.75 (1.63;4.66)	˂0.001	1.08 (0.70;1.66)	0.742
Higher tertile	2.65 (1.61;4.35)	˂0.001	1.34 (0.87;2.07)	0.190
SDH at the household level
Household crowding
Crowded	ref		ref
Not crowded	2.29 (1.44;3.63)	˂0.001	1.07 (0.73;1.58)	0.713
Repairs needed in the house
Major	ref		ref
No/minor	1.47 (0.94;2.30)	0.090	1.06 (0.69;1.64)	0.777
SDH at the individual level
Individual income
˂$20,000	ref		ref
≥$20,000	1.49 (0.97;2.29)	0.069	2.14 (1.44;3.18)	˂0.001
Marital status
Alone	ref		ref
In a relationship	0.49 (0.32;0.74)	0.001	0.98 (0.69;1.40)	0.933
% of country food eaten/total meat
˂50%	ref		ref
≥50%	1.01 (0.61;1.67)	0.985	1.45 (0.87;2.40)	0.155
Participation in land-based activities
No	ref		ref
Yes	2.28 (1.30;4.00)	0.004	1.79 (1.05;3.06)	0.033
Participation in social activities
None	ref		ref
1 or 2	1.21 (0.72;2.04)	0.474	1.41 (0.85;2.35)	0.180
3 or more	1.27 (0.74;2.16)	0.381	2.37 (1.47;3.81)	˂0.001

*Separate regressions for each SDH measure, adjusted for age and sex (estimates reported in the text).