Prevalence and clinical features of heart failure in Greenland

Figures & data

Figure 1. Estimated prevalence of HF in Greenland, 2022, based on registered ICD-2 code and ICPC-2 code for heart failure in the EMR. Shaded area shows 95% confidence interval.

Table 1. Distribution of heart failure according to age and gender. Data are frequency/% [95% confidence interval].

Age (years)	All patients	Female	Male
≥16	504/1.14% [1.05–1.25]	130/0.63% [0.53–0.75]	374/1.60% [1.44–1.77]
35–44	20/0.27% [0.17–0.42]	7/0.20% [0.09–0.43]	13/0.33% [0.18–0.58]
45–54	48/0.70% [0.53–0.94]	12/0.39% [0.21–0.70]	36/0.97% [0.69–1.35]
55–64	168/1.96% [1.68–2.29]	40/1.03% [0.75–1.42]	128/2.73% [2.29–3.24]
65–74	156/4.17% [3.56–4.88]	35/2.15% [1.52–3.01]	121/5.74% [4.80–6.84]
75–84	92/6.82% [5.56–8.34]	28/4.25% [2.89–6.16]	64/9.29% [7.28–11.77]
85+	13/6.74% [3.78–11.49]	5/4.13% [1.53–9.86]	8/11.11% [5.26–21.26]

Table 2. Characteristics according to gender. Data are frequency (%) unless stated otherwise.

Variable	Overall (n = 504)	Female (n = 130)	Male (n = 374)	p-value^1
Age (years, mean (SD))	64.9 (11.4)	65.1 (12.8)	64.9 (11.0)	0.87
Smoking:				0.45
Yes	148 (43%)	34 (39%)	114 (44%)
No	200 (57%)	53 (61%)	147 (56%)
Missing	156	43	113
Body Mass Index:
Median [IQR; kg/m^2]	30.5 [26.2–35.1]	31.5 [27.2–36.2]	30.3 [26.0–34.6]	0.13
Missing	151	43	108
Body Mass Index, class:				0.17
Underweight (<18.5 kg/m^2)	9 (2.5%)	4 (4.6%)	5 (1.9%)
Normal (18.5–24.9 kg/m^2)	55 (16%)	10 (11%)	45 (17%)
Overweight (25–29.9 kg/m^2)	101 (29%)	21 (24%)	80 (30%)
Obese (≥30 kg/m^2)	188 (53%)	52 (60%)	136 (51%)
Missing	151	43	108
Systolic Blood Pressure:
Mean (SD; mmHg)	129 (20)	126 (20)	130 (20)	0.048
Missing	49	10	39
Diastolic Blood Pressure:
Mean (SD; mmHg)	78.2 (11.9)	74.2 (11.0)	79.6 (12.0)	<0.001
Missing	49	10	39
HbA1c:
Mean (SD; mmol)	45.1 (10.5)	44.5 (9.6)	45.3 (10.8)	0.40
Missing	9	2	7
LDL:
Mean (SD; mmol/L)	2.62 (1.09)	2.75 (1.18)	2.58 (1.06)	0.15
Missing	14	2	12
HDL:
Median [IQR; mmol/L]	1.10 [0.90–1.40]	1.30 [1.00–1.60]	1.10 [0.83–1.30]	<0.001
Missing	14	2	12
Total Cholesterol:
Mean (SD; mmol/L)	4.41 (1.16)	4.74 (1.24)	4.30 (1.10)	<0.001
Missing	14	2	12
TSH:
Median [IQR; miu/L]	0.90 [0.56–1.51]	0.79 [0.51–1.34]	0.95 [0.60–1.59]	0.13
Missing	54	8	46
Triglycerides, mmol/l
Median [IQR; mmol/L]	1.70 [1.10–2.60]	1.80 [1.20–2.73]	1.70 [1.10–2.60]	0.11
Missing	14	2	12
ASAT:
Median [IQR; U/L]	28.0 [23.0–35.0]	26.0 [22.0–33.0]	29.0 [24.0–36.0]	0.27
Missing	44	5	39
ALAT:
Mean (SD, U/L)	45.5 (35.3)	37.6 (24.2)	48.3 (38.1)	<0.001
Missing	12	1	11
Creatinine:
Median [IQR; µmol/L]	87.0 [76.0–106.5]	78.5 [70.0–96.8]	90.0 [77.0–108.0]	0.011
Missing	1	0	1
eGFR:
Mean (SD; mL/min)	71.8 (27.4)	66.5 (39.5)	73.6 (21.6)	0.057
Missing	12	4	8
LVEF:
Mean (SD; %)	37.6 (12.2)	39.1 (13.6)	37.1 (11.7)	0.22
Missing	140	38	102
Type of HF:				0.10
HFpEF	99 (27%)	33 (36%)	66 (24%)
HFmrEF	43 (12%)	10 (11%)	33 (12%)
HFrEF	222 (61%)	49 (53%)	173 (64%)
Missing	140	38	102
Diabetes	119 (24%)	28 (22%)	91 (24%)	0.52
Ischeamic Heart Disease	168 (33%)	30 (23%)	138 (37%)	0.004

n: Number of patients, SD: Standard deviation, IQR: Interquartile range.

¹Pearson’s Chi-squared test, Welch Two Sample t-test or Fisher’s exact test.

Table 3. Characteristics according to IHD-diagnosis. Data are frequency (%) unless stated otherwise.

Variable	Overall^1 (n = 504)	No IHD (n = 336)	IHD (n = 168)	p-value^1
Gender:				0.004
Female	130 (26%)	100 (30%)	30 (18%)
Male	374 (74%)	236 (70%)	138 (82%)
Age (years, mean (SD))	64.9 (11.4)	64.4 (12.2)	66.0 (9.7)	0.12
Smoking:				0.087
Yes	148 (43%)	102 (46%)	46 (37%)
No	200 (57%)	120 (54%)	80 (63%)
Missing	156	114	42
Body Mass Index:
Median [IQR; kg/m^2]	30.5 [26.2–35.1]	30.9 [25.9–35.9]	30.4 [26.6–34.2]	0.070
Missing	151	115	36
Body Mass Index, class:				0.057
Underweight (<18.5 kg/m^2)	9 (2.5%)	9 (4.1%)	0 (0%)
Normal (18.5–24.9 kg/m^2)	55 (16%)	32 (14%)	23 (17%)
Overweight (25–29.9 kg/m^2)	101 (29%)	59 (27%)	42 (32%)
Obese (≥30 kg/m^2)	188 (53%)	121 (55%)	67 (51%)
Missing	151	115	36
Systolic Blood Pressure:
Mean (SD; mmHg)	129 (20)	129 (20)	128 (19)	0.58
Missing	49	39	10
Diastolic Blood Pressure:
Mean (SD; mmHg)	78.2 (11.9)	78.2 (12.0)	78.1 (11.9)	0.94
Missing	49	39	10
HbA1c:
Mean (SD; mmol/mol)	45.1 (10.5)	44.4 (9.7)	46.4 (11.9)	0.062
Missing	9	8	1
LDL:
Mean (SD; mmol/L)	2.62 (1.09)	2.65 (1.11)	2.58 (1.06)	0.55
Missing	14	11	3
HDL:
Median [IQR; mmol/L]	1.10 [0.90–1.40]	1.20 [0.90–1.40]	1.10 [0.90–1.40]	0.12
Missing	14	11	3
Total Cholesterol:
Mean (SD; mmol/L)	4.41 (1.16)	4.51 (1.18)	4.22 (1.10)	0.006
Missing	14	11	3
TSH:
Median [IQR; miu/L]	0.90 [0.56–1.51]	0.91 [0.57–1.51]	0.90 [0.56–1.50]	0.30
Missing	54	37	17
Triglycerides, mmol/l
Median [IQR; mmol/L]	1.70 [1.10–2.60]	1.80 [1.10–2.60]	1.70 [1.10–2.60]	0.45
Missing	14	11	3
ASAT:
Median [IQR; U/L]	28.0 [23.0–35.0]	28.0 [23.0–37.0]	28.0 [23.0–33.0]	0.045
Missing	44	33	11
ALAT:
Mean (SD, U/L)	45.5 (35.3)	46.2 (39.2)	44.2 (25.9)	0.50
Missing	12	9	3
Creatinine:
Median [IQR; µmol/L]	87.0 [76.0–106.5]	88.0 [76.0–104.5]	87.0 [75.8–110.0]	0.42
Missing	1	1	0
eGFR:
Mean (SD; mL/min)	71.8 (27.4)	72.7 (30.1)	70.1 (21.1)	0.27
Missing	12	8	4
LVEF:
Mean (SD; %)	37.6 (12.2)	37.6 (13.0)	37.6 (10.6)	0.99
Missing	140	99	41
Type of HF				0.63
HFpEF	99 (27%)	68 (29%)	31 (24%)
HFmrEF	87 (24%)	57 (24%)	30 (24%)
HFrEF	178 (49%)	112 (47%)	66 (52%)
Missing data	140	99	41
Diabetes	119 (24%)	73 (22%)	46 (27%)	0.16

n: Number of patients, SD: Standard deviation, IQR: Interquartile range.

¹Pearson’s Chi-squared test, Welch Two Sample t-test or Fisher’s exact test.

Table A1. List of ICD-10 and ICPC-2 codes.

Heart failure:
ICD-2 codes:
I11.0:	Hypertensive heart disease with heart failure.
I13.0:	Hypertensive heart and chronic kidney disease with heart failure and stage 1 through stage 4 chronic kidney disease, or unspecified chronic kidney disease.
I13.2:	Hypertensive heart and chronic kidney disease with heart failure and with stage 5 chronic kidney disease, or end-stage renal disease.
I42.0:	Dilated cardiomyopathy.
I42.6:	Alcoholic cardiomyopathy.
I42.7:	Cardiomyopathy due to drug and external agent.
I42.9:	Cardiomyopathy, unspecified.
I50.0-I50.9:	Heart failure.
ICPC-2 codes:
K77:	Heart failure.
Diabetes:
ICD-10 codes:
E10:	Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
E11:	Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
E12:	Malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus.
E13:	Other specified diabetes mellitus.
E14:	Unspecified diabetes mellitus.
ICPC-2 codes:
T89:	Diabetes insulin dependent.
T90:	Diabetes non-insulin dependent.
Hypertension:
ICD-10 codes:
I10:	Essential Hypertension.
I11:	Hypertensive heart disease.
I12:	Hypertensive Chronic Kidney Disease.
I13:	Hypertensive heart and chronic kidney disease.
I15:	Secondary Hypertension.
ICPC-2 codes:
K85:	Elevated blood pressure.
K86:	Hypertension uncomplicated.
K87:	Hypertension complicated.
Ischaemic heart disease (IHD):
ICD-10 codes:
I20:	Angina pectoris.
I21:	Acute myocardial infarction.
I22:	Subsequent ST elevation (STEMI) and non-ST elevation (NSTEMI) myocardial infarction.
I23:	Certain current complications following ST elevation (STEMI) and non-ST elevation (NSTEMI) myocardial infarction (within the 28 day period).
I24:	Other acute ischaemic heart disease.
I25:	Chronic Ischaemic heart disease.
ICPC-2 codes:
K74:	Ischaemic heart disease with angina.
K75:	Acute myocardial infarction.
K76:	Ischaemic heart disease without angina.