Effective health and wellness systems for rural and remote Indigenous communities: a rapid review

Figures & data

Table 1. Summary of PCC Search Strategy Framework and Search Terms from Published Literature Sources: PubMed, ProQuest and CINAHL.

(P)opulation	(C)oncept	(C)ontext
“indigenous people*”	health	“Rural health care”
Inuit	“Public health”	“Rural health service*”
metis	“health care”	Canada
“native north America*”	“community health”	“United States”
“pacific islander people*”	“wellness program*”	Australia
“Alaska* native*”	“health service*”	“New Zealand”
“native American*”	“delivery of health care”	“American native continental ancestry group”
Indian, North America (MeSH Term)	planning organisations, health (MeSH Term)	ancestry group, oceanic (MeSH Term)
“Dene”	health services, community (MeSH Term)	“small town”
“Dehcho”	health services, indigenous (MeSH Term)	“on-reserve”
“native people*”	“Competent health care”	“on reserve”
services, Indigenous Health (MeSH Term)	“delivery of health services”	“off-reserve”
“Torres strait islander*”	accessibility, health services (MeSH Term)	“off reserve”
Maori	“social determinants of health”	“fly-in”
	“health promotion”	“fly in”
	“health equity”
	“health service needs and demand”
	“health care delivery”

Note: All data was filtered for being published in English and between the years 2010–2020.

Table 2. Quantitative Summary of Grey Literature Sources and Included Search Results.

Grey Literature Platform	Number of Results	Number of Results that Fit Inclusion Criteria
National Indigenous Studies Portal/iPortal Indigenous Studies Research Tool	5	2
Arctic Health Publications Database	35	8
Inuit Studies	0	0
Native Health Database	93	19
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)	3	0
University of Manitoba Health Sciences Libraries Aboriginal Health Collection	11	0
Centre for Addictions and Mental Health (CAMH)	5	0
Thunderbird Partnership Foundation	84	12
Total Before Duplicates Removed: 41
Total After Duplicates Removed: 37

Figure 1. PRISMA Chart of Published and Grey Literature Searches.

Table 3. Summary of Demographic Data and Level of Involvement within Included Articles.

First Author, Citation	Country	Indigenous Groups/Nations/Communities	Focus of Article	Jurisdictional Involvement	Indigenous Involvement	Indigenous Self-Governance
Cairney et al., [30]	Australia	Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples	Evaluating Health Services	Federal government and government bodies	Partnership between Indigenous organisation and government bodies	Indigenous institution at local/community level
Carroll et al., [22]	Australia	Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples	Building Indigenous Capacity	Federal government and government bodies Aboriginal community-controlled health services (ACCHs)	Partnership between Indigenous organisation and government bodies	Indigenous institution at local/community level
Hayman et al., [31]	Australia	Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples	Advancing Professional Knowledge and Training Services	Federal government and government bodies	Not clearly defined	ACCHs is controlled by Indigenous-governed communities
Freeman et al., [32]	Australia	Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples	Evaluating Health Services	Aboriginal community-controlled health services (ACCHs)	Indigenous-led organizations/community-controlled services	ACCHs is controlled by Indigenous-governed communities
King et al., [33]	United States	American Indian and Alaskan Natives (AI/AN), specifically including Navajo Nation	Evaluating Health Services	Indigenous local-level programs	Partnership between Indigenous organisation and research team	State level
Lawrence and James, [34]	United States	American Indian and Alaskan Natives (AI/AN)	Building Indigenous Capacity	National-level programs Indigenous local-level programs	Indigenous-led organizations/community-controlled services	Indigenous institution at local/community level State level
Mathu-Muju et al., [35]	Canada	First Nations, Inuit, Métis (FNIM), specifically including First Nations of Manitoba, Inuit communities	Evaluating Health Services	Federal government and government bodies Indigenous local-level programs	Not clearly defined	Not clearly defined
Moorehead et al., [36]	Canada, United States	First Nations, Inuit, Métis (FNIM) American Indian and Alaskan Natives (AI/AN), specifically including Navajo Nation	Advancing Professional Knowledge and Training Services	Indigenous local-level programs	Partnership between Indigenous organisation and research team	ACCHs is controlled by Indigenous-governed communities
Panaretto et al., [37]	Australia	Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples	Evaluating Health Services	National-level programs Aboriginal community-controlled health services (ACCHs)	Indigenous-led organizations/community-controlled services	ACCHs is controlled by Indigenous-governed communities
Reeve et al., [38]	Australia	Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples	Evaluating Health Services	Indigenous local-level programs	Indigenous-led organizations/community-controlled services	Not clearly defined
Restoule et al., [7]	Canada	First Nations, Inuit, Métis (FNIM), specifically including Inuit communities	Implementing Health Services	National-level programs Federal government and government bodies	Partnership between Indigenous organisation and government bodies	National Indigenous Organizations
Ringer et al., [39]	Canada	First Nations, Inuit, Métis (FNIM), specifically including Cree	Building Indigenous Capacity	Indigenous local-level programs	Indigenous-led organizations/community-controlled services	Provincial and Territorial level
Thunderbird Partnership Foundation et al., [23]	Canada	First Nations, Inuit, Métis (FNIM), specifically including Sagamok Anishnawbek First Nation, Esketemc First Nation, Elsipogtog First Nation, Kwanlin Dün First Nations	Implementing Health Services	National-level programs	Indigenous-led organizations/community-controlled services	National Indigenous Organizations
Wright et al., [41]	Australia	Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples	Building Indigenous Capacity	Federal government and government bodies Aboriginal community-controlled health services (ACCHs)	Partnership between Indigenous organisation and research team	ACCHs is controlled by Indigenous-governed communities
Young et al., [40]	Canada	First Nations, Inuit, Métis (FNIM), specifically including Inuit communities	Evaluating Health Services	Federal government and government bodies	Partnership between Indigenous organisation and government bodies	Provincial and Territorial level

Table 4. Included Articles with Themes Categorising the Measurement of Success and Who Defined the Success of the Coordination of Healthcare Services.

First Author, Citation	How was success measured?	Who defined success?
Cairney et al., [30]	Met primary objectives of study through statistical analysis Focus groups/interviews/community feedback	Research team and community members
Carroll et al., [22]	Not clearly defined	Federal/Provincial/Territorial/State Government(s) and Indigenous-led organisations
Hayman et al., [31]	Met primary objectives of study through increased positive outcomes	Federal/Provincial/Territorial/State Government(s)
Freeman et al., [32]	Met primary objectives of the study Received funding Focus groups/interviews/community feedback	Research team and Indigenous-led organisations
King et al., [33]	Focus groups/interviews/community feedback	Research team
Lawrence and James, [34]	Not clearly defined	Federal/Provincial/Territorial/State Government(s) and Indigenous-led organisations
Mathu-Muju et al., [35]	Met primary objectives of study through decreased negative outcomes	Research team and Federal government
Moorehead et al., [36]	Not clearly defined	Not clearly defined
Panaretto et al., [37]	Met primary objectives of study through statistical analysis	Federal/Provincial/Territorial/State Government(s)
Reeve et al., [38]	Met primary objectives of study through decreased negative outcomes	Research team
Restoule et al., [7]	Met primary objectives of the study Focus groups/interviews/community feedback	Federal/Provincial/Territorial/State Government(s) and Indigenous-led organisations
Ringer et al.,[39]	Structural change at an organisational level	Federal/Provincial/Territorial/State Government(s) and Indigenous-led organisations
Thunderbird Partnership Foundation et al.,[23]	Met primary objectives of study	Federal/Provincial/Territorial/State Government(s) and Indigenous-led organisations
Wright et al., [41]	Met primary objectives of study Received funding Structural change at an organisational level	Research team
Young et al., [40]	Met primary objectives of study through statistical analysis	Research team

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