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Research Article

Glucosamine modulates membrane and cellular ionic homeostasis: studies on accelerated senescent and naturally aged rats

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 441-451 | Received 14 Jan 2022, Accepted 05 Jul 2022, Published online: 11 Aug 2022

Figures & data

Figure 1. Effect of glucosamine on the activity of erythrocyte membrane transporters: (A) Na+/K+-ATPase activity (µmol Pi/mg protein/hour), (B) Ca2+ -ATPase activity (µmol Pi/mg protein/hour) in young, D-gal induced and naturally aged rats. The values are given as mean ± SEM (where n = 6). *p < 0.05 when the value is compared with young control, $p < 0.05 when the value is compared with D-Gal control, #p < 0.05 when the value is compared with naturally old control rats.

Figure 1. Effect of glucosamine on the activity of erythrocyte membrane transporters: (A) Na+/K+-ATPase activity (µmol Pi/mg protein/hour), (B) Ca2+ -ATPase activity (µmol Pi/mg protein/hour) in young, D-gal induced and naturally aged rats. The values are given as mean ± SEM (where n = 6). *p < 0.05 when the value is compared with young control, $p < 0.05 when the value is compared with D-Gal control, #p < 0.05 when the value is compared with naturally old control rats.

Figure 2. (A) Effect of glucosamine on erythrocyte NHE activity (mmol/L RBC/hour at 37°C)], (B) intracellular calcium ion (nM) in young, D-gal induced and naturally aged rats. The values are given as mean ± SEM (where n = 6). Where * p < 0.05 when the value is compared with young control, $ p < 0.05 when the value is compared with D-Gal control, # p < 0.05 when the value is compared with naturally old control rats.

Figure 2. (A) Effect of glucosamine on erythrocyte NHE activity (mmol/L RBC/hour at 37°C)], (B) intracellular calcium ion (nM) in young, D-gal induced and naturally aged rats. The values are given as mean ± SEM (where n = 6). Where * p < 0.05 when the value is compared with young control, $ p < 0.05 when the value is compared with D-Gal control, # p < 0.05 when the value is compared with naturally old control rats.

Figure 3. Restorative potential of glucosamine on biomarkers of oxidative stress in erythrocyte membrane: (A) Protein carbonyl levels (µmol/mg protein), (B) Lipid hydroperoxides (nmol/mg protein), (C) Membrane sialic acid (µg/mg membrane protein), and (D) Membrane sulfhydryl group (nmol/mg protein) in young, D-Gal induced and naturally aged rats. The values are given as mean ± SEM (where n = 6). *p < 0.05 when the value is compared with young control, $p < 0.05 when the value is compared with D-Gal control, #<0.05 when the value is compared with naturally old control rats.

Figure 3. Restorative potential of glucosamine on biomarkers of oxidative stress in erythrocyte membrane: (A) Protein carbonyl levels (µmol/mg protein), (B) Lipid hydroperoxides (nmol/mg protein), (C) Membrane sialic acid (µg/mg membrane protein), and (D) Membrane sulfhydryl group (nmol/mg protein) in young, D-Gal induced and naturally aged rats. The values are given as mean ± SEM (where n = 6). *p < 0.05 when the value is compared with young control, $p < 0.05 when the value is compared with D-Gal control, #<0.05 when the value is compared with naturally old control rats.