Impact of temperature and prey type on biology and life-table parameters of Cheyletus malaccensis Oudemans (Acari: Cheyletidae)

Figures & data

Table 1. Mean durations in days of Cheyletus malaccensis male reared on different prey diets at different temperatures and 80 ± 5% R.H.

Variable	A. siro			C. berlesei			T. putrescentiae
	22°C	27°C	32°C	22°C	27°C	32°C	22°C	27°C	32°C
Incubation period	5.15	3.20	2.00	5.30	3.30	2.65	5.25	3.20	3.20
Larva	8.10	4.10	3.50	8.25	6.10	3.90	7.50	5.25	5.25
Protonymph	4.75	3.05	2.50	7.65	6.00	3.60	6.50	4.55	4.55
Immature stages	12.85	7.15	6.00	15.90	12.10	7.50	14.00	9.80	9.80
Life cycle	18.00	10.35	8.00	21.20	15.40	10.15	19.25	13.00	13.00
Longevity	22.10	16.10	13.80	15.80	14.30	12.40	17.20	14.70	13.20
Life span	40.10	26.45	21.80	37.00	29.70	22.55	36.45	27.70	26.20

Table 2. Effect of prey diets on durations of Cheyletus malaccensis male at different constant temperatures.

Stage	Prey diets			F-value	P-value	Temperatures			F-value	P-value
	A. siro	C. berlesei	T. putrescentiae			22°C	27°C	32°C
Egg	3.40 b	3.75 a	3.88 a	11.3	0.0001	5.23 a	3.23 b	2.61 c	429.1	0.0001
Larval	5.23 b	6.08 a	6.00 a	13.0	0.0001	7.95 a	5.15 b	4.21 c	224.3	0.0001
Protonymph	3.43 c	5.75 a	5.20 b	89.9	0.0001	6.30 a	4.53 b	3.55 c	119.2	0.0001
Immature stages	8.66 c	11.83 a	11.20 b	59.9	0.0001	14.25 a	9.68 b	7.76 c	236.7	0.0001
Life cycle	12.11 b	15.58 a	15.08 a	61.4	0.0001	19.48 a	12.91 b	10.38 c	385.4	0.0001
Longevity	17.33 a	14.16 b	15.03 b	21.5	0.0001	18.36 a	15.03 b	13.13 c	56.51	0.0001
Life span	29.45 a	29.75 a	30.11 a	0.53	0.5908	37.85 a	27.95 b	23.51 c	255.8	0.0001

Means followed by the same letters do not differ significantly by Tukey’s HSD (P < 0.05).

Table 3. Mean durations in days of Cheyletus malaccensis females reared with different prey diets at different temperatures and 80 ± 5% R.H.

Variable	A. siro			C. berlesei			T. putrescentiae
	22°C	27°C	32°C	22°C	27°C	32°C	22°C	27°C	32°C
Incubation period	5.35	3.25	2.20	5.55	3.35	2.70	5.50	3.30	2.50
Larva	8.80	4.20	3.70	8.45	6.15	4.20	7.80	5.55	4.05
Protonymph	5.10	3.15	2.50	7.65	6.20	3.90	7.00	4.95	3.15
Deutonymph	5.20	4.15	3.20	7.85	6.50	4.10	6.70	4.70	3.80
Immature stages	19.10	11.50	9.40	23.95	18.85	12.20	21.50	15.20	11.00
Life cycle	24.45	14.75	11.60	29.50	22.20	14.90	27.00	18.50	13.50
Generation period	29.85	18.80	13.40	36.50	27.75	20.45	33.50	24.25	15.20
Pre-oviposition	5.40	4.05	1.80	7.00	5.55	5.55	6.50	5.75	1.70
Oviposition	25.30	19.40	17.20	14.70	12.90	12.90	20.50	17.20	15.00
Post-oviposition	12.90	5.45	3.20	11.30	6.50	6.50	13.50	5.60	3.95
Longevity	43.60	28.90	22.20	33.00	24.95	24.95	40.50	28.55	20.65
Mean fecundity (eggs/♀)	118.0	196.5	167.5	69.10	99.00	87.00	93.30	122.1	111.4
Daily rate (eggs/♀/ day)	4.68	10.15	9.80	4.72	7.77	6.87	4.58	7.16	7.47
Life span	68.05	43.65	33.80	62.50	47.15	39.85	67.50	47.05	34.15

Table 4. Effect prey diets on durations of Cheyletus malaccensis females at different temperatures.

Stage	Prey diets			F-value	P-value	Temperatures			F-value	P-value
	A. siro	C. berlesei	T. putrescentiae			22°C	27°C	32°C
Egg	3.60 a	3.86 a	3.76 ab	4.35	0.0159	5.46 a	3.30 b	2.46 c	574.5	0.0001
Larval	5.56 b	6.26 a	5.80 b	8.42	0.0005	8.35 a	5.30 b	3.98 c	332.4	0.0001
Protonymph	3.58 c	5.91 a	5.03 b	94.6	0.0001	6.58 a	4.76 b	3.18 c	197.5	0.0001
Deutonymph	4.18 c	6.15 a	5.06 b	81.2	0.0001	6.58 a	5.11 b	3.70 c	173.9	0.0001
Immature stages	13.33 c	18.33 a	15.90 b	100	0.0001	21.51 a	15.18 b	10.86 c	462.0	0.0001
Life cycle	16.93 c	22.20 a	19.66 b	113	0.0001	26.98 a	18.48 b	13.33 c	777.3	0.0001
Generation	20.68 c	28.23 a	24.31 b	202	0.0001	33.28 a	23.60 b	16.35 c	1024	0.0001
Pre-oviposition	3.75 c	6.03 a	4.65 b	44.6	0.0001	6.30 a	5.11 b	3.01 c	93.3	0.0001
Oviposition	20.63 a	13.5 c	17.56 b	110	0.0001	20.16 a	16.50 b	15.01 c	60.56	0.0001
Post-oviposition	7.18 b	8.10 a	7.68 ab	3.71	0.0277	12.56 a	5.85 b	4.55 c	329.0	0.0001
Longevity	31.56 a	27.63 c	29.90 b	12.3	0.0001	39.03 a	27.46 b	22.60 c	225.4	0.0001
Fecundity	160.66 a	85.03 c	108.93 b	253	0.0001	121.9 b	139.2 a	93.46 c	90.39	0.0001
Daily rate	8.21 a	6.44 b	6.40 b	28.5	0.0001	8.04 a	8.04 a	4.66 c	112.4	0.0001
Life span	48.50 a	49.93 a	49.56 a	1.48	0.2230	66.01 a	45.95 b	35.93 c	698.7	0.0001

Means followed by same letters do not differ significantly by Tukey’s HSD (P < 0.05).

Table 5. Parameters of linear regression model for temperature-dependent developmental rates of immature stages of Cheyletus malaccensis females reared on different prey species.

Stage	Prey	a	b	t0	K	R^2
Egg	A. siro	−0.406	0.027	15.18	37.37	1.00
	C. berlesei	−0.230	0.019	12.12	52.58	0.98
	T. putrescentiae	−0.294	0.022	13.48	45.83	1.00
Larval	A. siro	−0.216	0.016	13.76	63.84	0.90
	C. berlesei	−0.150	0.012	12.55	83.51	0.98
	T. putrescentiae	−0.135	0.012	11.41	84.24	0.99
Protonymph	A. siro	−0.246	0.020	12.07	49.04	0.99
	C. berlesei	−0.157	0.013	12.46	79.56	0.92
	T. putrescentiae	−0.251	0.017	14.36	57.27	0.97
Deutonymph	A. siro	−0.076	0.012	6.32	83.20	0.99
	C. berlesei	−0.140	0.012	11.98	85.83	0.91
	T. putrescentiae	−0.099	0.011	8.70	87.79	1.00
Immature stages	A. siro	−0.064	0.005	11.84	185.09	0.97
	C. berlesei	−0.050	0.004	12.35	248.67	0.94
	T. putrescentiae	−0.052	0.004	11.74	225.24	0.99
Life cycle	A. siro	−0.057	0.005	12.66	220.72	0.99
	C. berlesei	−0.041	0.003	12.34	301.06	0.97
	T. putrescentiae	−0.045	0.004	12.14	270.00	1.00

Table 6. Life-table parameters of Cheyletus malaccensis reared on different prey species and different temperatures.

Parameter	A. siro			C. berlesei			T. putrescentiae
	22°C	27°C	32°C	22°C	27°C	32°C	22°C	27°C	32°C
Mean generation time (TG)^a	33.05	21.89	18.06	36.26	28.45	20.84	35.33	16.01	19.72
Survival rate %	70.0	80.0	60.0	65.0	70.0	72.0	66.0	73.0	65.0
50% mortality	49.0	34.0	28.0	43.5	34.7	26.4	45.7	26.0	28.0
Sex ratio (females/total)	0.70	0.72	0.65	0.60	0.62	0.60	0.65	0.70	0.65
Net reproductive rate (R0)^b	58.21	113.2	67.66	26.94	42.96	32.36	41.31	62.39	46.34
Intrinsic rate of increase (rm)^c	0.122	0.216	0.233	0.090	0.132	0.166	0.105	0.256	0.194
Finite rate of increase (λ)	1.13	1.24	1.26	1.09	1.14	1.18	1.11	1.29	1.21
Doubling generation (DT)a	5.68	3.20	2.97	7.70	5.25	4.117	6.60	2.70	3.57
Gross reproduction rate (GRR)^d	85.65	147.6	117.4	43.82	70.47	59.07	66.64	90.52	79.12

^aDay

^bfemales/female/generation

^cindividuals/female/day

^deggs/ female/generation

Figure 1. Age-stage specific survival rate (L_x) and fecundity (M_x) curves of Cheyletus malaccensis at different temperatures.