Using smart card data to develop origin-destination matrix-based business analytics for bus rapid transit systems: case study of Jakarta, Indonesia

Abstract

Bus rapid transit systems (BRT) have been an indispensable public transportation pillar, especially in densely populated regions. Accurate insight into the BRT network's utilization is vital in BRT resource allocation planning contexts. This research focuses on how operators can utilize passengers’ smart card data to develop origin-destination (OD) matrix-based business analytics. This research proposes a hybrid approach combining trip chaining, direct pairing, mode estimation methods, and visual analytics development. The novel approach is robust in handling incomplete smart card data transactions to generate origin-destination matrices and corresponding visual analytics as decision support systems for the BRT operators. As a case study, we applied and validated the proposed analytics to more than 20.6 million smart card transactions in one of the largest global BRT systems in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Keywords:

• bus rapid transit
• smart card data
• origin-destination matrix
• automatic fare collection
• information systems
• business analytics

Acknowledgement

The authors sincerely thank PT Transportasi Jakarta, especially the Data Management Division, for supporting this research, providing the data, and offering their insightful comments and suggestions.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Declaration of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced this work.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the P3MI Research Grant 2020, Institut Teknologi Bandung [grant number: 3662/I1.B04/PL/2019].