https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3366-4893
Figures & data
Figure 1. Stimulus material. Four variants of the syllable /tak/ were derived from two original recordings of this syllable spoken by a female speaker. Manipulations involved changing the duration of syllabic nucleus (vowel segment /a/) via cross-splicing and changes of the overall syllable duration, whereas syllable onset (consonant segment /t/) and coda (consonant segment /k/) characteristics were retained from one of the original recordings. Lines in the lower panels depict intensity (grey) and pitch (black) contours. Abbreviations: losv (long overall duration, short vowel duration), shsv (short overall duration, short vowel duration), lolv (long overall duration, long vowel duration), shlv (short overall duration, long vowel duration).
Table 1. Sound characteristics of the two original syllables and the four experimental variants as provided by Praat 6.0.28 (Boersma and Weenink).
Table 2. Means (M) and standard deviations (SD) for sensitivity indices (d’), hit rates, response times, and response time variability (coefficient of variation, CV) for people who stutter (PWS) and controls and each syllable variant: losv (long overall duration, short vowel duration), shsv (short overall duration, short vowel duration), lolv (long overall duration, long vowel duration), shlv (short overall duration, long vowel duration).
Figure 2. Mean sensitivity indices (d’) for the detection of changes (top panel), reaction times (RT) for correct responses (middle panel), and coefficients of variation (CV) of response times for correct responses (bottom panel) across the four syllable variants for people who stutter (PWS) and controls. The PWS group included 1 woman (individual 11), 1 very severe case (individual 8), and 1 case of relatively late stuttering onset (individual 8); individuals 3 and 12 had very mild symptoms. (losv = long overall duration, short vowel duration, shsv = short overall duration, short vowel duration, lolv = long overall duration, long vowel duration, shlv = short overall duration, short vowel duration). Error bars indicate standard deviations.
