High electronic name agreement of 70 pictures in normative study of 5,290 Czechs for easy multicultural replication

Figures & data

Table 1. The number of study participants from each region in comparison with the total number of inhabitants in each region.

Region	Number of participants	Percentage	Number of inhabitants	Percentage
Blank	22	0.4
South Bohemia region	261	4.9	640,196	6.0
South Moravia region	513	9.7	1,183,207	11.0
Carlsbad region	106	2.0	295,686	3.0
Hradec Králové region	245	4.6	551,089	5.0
Liberec region	196	3.7	441,300	4.0
North Moravia region	443	8.4	1,205,886	11.0
Olomouc region	242	4.6	633,178	6.0
Pardubice region	215	4.1	518,337	5.0
Pilsen region	226	4.3	580,816	5.0
Prague	1,298	24.5	1,294,513	12.0
Central Bohemia region	760	14.4	1,352,795	13.0
Ústí nad Labem region	395	7.5	821,080	8.0
Vysočina region	177	3.3	508,916	5.0
Zlín region	191	3.6	583,056	5.0
Total	5,290	100.0	10,610,055	100.0

Table 2. List of all the 70 picture names in Czech and English equivalents obtained from 5,290 participants and their naming and demographic characteristics.

Picture no.	Picture name in Czech	Picture name in English	Name agreement (%)	Name agreement (H index)	Age	Gender (reference male = 1)	Education years	AD8 score	Constant
1	Židle	Chair	99.5	0.06	0.01	−1.15	0.19	−0.34	2.82
2	Známka	Stamp	99.3	0.05	−0.01	−0.77	0.11	−0.08	4.35
3	Vodopád	Waterfall	93.1	0.26	−0.01	0.42	0.07	−0.12	2.45
4	Váleček	Rolling pin	96.7	0.29	−0.02	−0.25	0.08	−0.05	3.57
5	Totem	Totem	95.2	0.21	0.00	0.21	0.13	−0.10	1.28
6	Džbán	Jug	97.7	0.22	0.06	−0.42	0.00	−0.11	1.00
7	Stůl	Table	99.6	0.04	0.00	0.44	−0.04	−0.29	6.48
8	Stan	Tent	99.4	0.06	−0.04	−0.16	0.03	−0.32	7.24
9	Sněhulák	Snowman	99.5	0.06	−0.02	−1.19	0.07	−0.11	6.10
10	Teploměr	Thermometer	98.5	0.09	−0.04	0.01	0.01	−0.15	6.28
11	Sedlo	Saddle	89.5	0.65	−0.04	0.58	0.02	−0.08	3.88
12	Robot	Robot	99.2	0.07	−0.04	−0.72	−0.01	−0.21	7.74
13	Ponorka	Submarine	95.7	0.17	−0.07	0.73	0.01	−0.08	7.23
14	Počítač	Computer	94.7	0.34	−0.02	−0.50	−0.02	−0.02	4.78
15	Padák	Parachute	96.5	0.25	0.01	0.65	0.03	0.01	2.30
16	Nůžky	Scissors	96.2	0.06	−0.02	−0.03	−0.02	−0.18	7.42
17	Zvonek	Bell	99.7	0.04	−0.02	−0.03	−0.02	−0.18	7.42
18	Zrcadlo	Mirror	87.8	0.66	−0.04	−0.14	0.03	−0.03	3.94
19	Lyže	Ski	98.7	0.14	0.00	−0.10	−0.03	−0.29	5.14
20	List	Leaf	97.5	0.18	−0.03	−0.05	0.10	−0.12	3.91
21	Kříž	Cross	99.4	0.08	0.01	−1.04	−0.02	−0.18	5.53
22	Koruna	Crown	99.8	0.03	−0.02	−0.49	−0.04	−0.47	8.46
23	Komín	Chimney	99.7	0.05	−0.01	−0.66	0.05	−0.28	6.07
24	Kočárek	Pram	99.5	0.04	−0.03	−1.11	0.02	−0.19	7.69
25	Klíč	Key	99.8	0.03	−0.05	−0.26	0.01	−0.17	8.76
26	Sud	Barrel	98.8	0.12	−0.01	−0.48	0.16	−0.17	3.09
27	Jeřáb	Crane	98.4	0.13	−0.02	1.35	0.10	−0.21	4.07
28	Eskymák	Eskimo	97.4	0.24	−0.01	−0.85	−0.04	−0.23	5.54
29	Váhy	Scale	99.5	0.07	−0.03	−0.05	0.10	−0.12	3.91
30	Čtyřlístek	Clover	97.2	0.24	−0.03	−0.92	0.05	−0.22	5.07
31	Brýle	Glasses	99.7	0.06	−0.02	−0.32	−0.06	−0.23	8.04
32	Bota	Shoe	99.2	0.06	0.00	−0.65	0.02	−0.26	5.05
33	Cigareta	Cigarette	98.6	0.15	−0.01	−0.88	0.01	−0.25	5.05
34	Blesk	Lightning	98.1	0.12	−0.02	0.23	0.05	−0.23	4.31
35	Most	Bridge	98.4	0.15	−0.02	0.21	−0.06	−0.20	6.21
36	Žárovka	Bulb	99.5	0.05	0.01	−0.90	0.12	−0.27	3.88
37	Postel	Bed	98.8	0.15	−0.03	−0.57	−0.01	−0.23	6.93
38	Vzducholoď	Zeppelin	88.3	0.71	−0.01	0.98	0.06	−0.13	1.82
39	Plot	Fence	97.9	0.19	−0.01	−0.47	0.00	−0.10	4.82
40	Volant	Steering wheel	99.5	0.06	−0.03	−0.36	−0.12	−0.43	9.52
41	Vidlička	Fork	98.4	0.13	−0.04	−0.14	−0.01	−0.04	6.49
42	Vějíř	Fan	99.2	0.10	0.00	−0.80	0.04	−0.26	4.63
43	Tužka	Pencil	99.2	0.11	0.03	0.42	−0.01	−0.34	3.81
44	Šipka	Arrow	98.4	0.17	−0.04	−0.41	−0.04	−0.20	7.08
45	Šachovnice	Chessboard	93.2	0.49	0.02	0.96	0.11	−0.14	0.12
46	Studna	Well	94.9	0.34	−0.06	−0.37	−0.01	−0.06	6.44
47	Srdce	Heart	99.7	0.03	0.00	−0.93	0.14	−0.26	4.60
48	Slunce	Sun	99.6	0.04	−0.02	−1.06	0.14	−0.29	5.61
49	Semafor	Traffic lights	99.2	0.09	−0.04	−0.38	0.03	−0.33	7.00
50	Řetěz	Chain	99.6	0.05	0.01	0.25	0.04	−0.48	5.13
51	Žebřík	Ladder	99.4	0.09	−0.01	0.10	−0.03	−0.29	6.48
52	Podkova	Horseshoe	99.6	0.05	0.00	−0.03	0.00	−0.23	5.89
53	Svíčka	Candle	99.7	0.04	−0.02	−1.06	0.12	−0.21	5.68
54	Hřeben	Comb	99.4	0.06	−0.04	−0.17	0.04	−0.19	6.96
55	Nota	Note	98.3	0.17	−0.03	−0.60	0.04	−0.21	5.71
56	Kolečko	Wheelbarrow	90.7	0.70	0.00	0.29	0.02	0.03	1.76
57	Maják	Lighthouse	85.7	0.75	−0.03	0.16	0.03	−0.07	3.38
58	Luk	Longbow	98.7	0.12	−0.03	0.41	0.05	−0.09	5.34
59	Lebka	Skull	99.1	0.10	−0.04	−0.28	0.06	−0.21	6.49
60	Kost	Bone	99.6	0.05	−0.02	−0.01	−0.10	−0.08	8.07
61	Dveře	Door	98.9	0.10	−0.04	0.31	0.06	−0.21	6.14
62	Koláč	Cake	94.9	0.38	0.02	−0.43	−0.02	−0.14	2.48
63	Hvězda	Star	99.6	0.05	−0.03	−0.78	−0.19	−0.30	10.66
64	Karty	Cards	99.3	0.09	−0.03	−0.65	0.10	−0.34	5.68
65	Měsíc	Moon	94.4	0.40	−0.03	−0.48	−0.04	0.02	5.45
66	Globus	Globe	97.5	0.20	−0.02	0.41	0.00	−0.18	4.81
67	Dudlík	Soother	92.7	0.51	−0.01	−0.69	0.05	−0.14	2.67
68	Dort	Birthday cake	99.3	0.10	−0.03	−0.49	−0.06	−0.27	7.83
69	Budík	Alarm clock	98.7	0.12	0.01	0.32	−0.02	−0.13	4.24
70	Lupa	Magnifying glass	98.9	0.11	−0.03	−0.13	−0.03	−0.22	7.10

Each picture is characterized by name agreement as percentage and H index and estimated beta coefficients of multiple logistic regression with naming agreement as the dependent variable and age, gender, education and AD8 score as predictor. Regression coefficients in bold are significant. The best pictures with high name agreement and no sociodemographic influence are in dark gray. Light gray indicates influence of all sociodemographic predictors on name agreement.

Table 3. Pictures with significant difference in name agreement between men and women.

Picture name	Name agreement—women (%) n = 4,081	Name agreement—men (%) n = 1,209	Difference between women and men in correctly named pictures (%)	p-Value
Snowman	99.7	98.8	0.9	0.000
Cigarette	99.0	97.4	1.6	0.000
Eskimo	98.1	95.2	2.9	0.000
Well	95.6	92.5	3.1	0.000
Computer	95.4	92.2	3.2	0.000
Clover	98.0	94.5	3.5	0.000
Moon	95.3	91.4	3.9	0.000
Soother	94.0	88.3	5.7	0.000
Crane	98.0	99.5	−1.5	0.000
Saddle	88.6	92.5	−3.9	0.000
Chessboard	92.1	96.9	−4.8	0.000
Zeppelin	86.5	94.2	−7.7	0.000

The majority of the other pictures had the same name agreement regarding gender. The total number of pictures was 70. Pictures named better by women are in gray, those better named by men are in white.

Table 4. Pictures with significant difference in name agreement across different education categories.

Picture name	Correctly named pictures—primary education (%) n = 148	Correctly named pictures—secondary education without GCSE (%) n= 706	Correctly named pictures—secondary education with GCSE (%) n = 2,353	Correctly named pictures—university education (%) n = 2,083	p-Value
Waterfall	89.2	89.2	92.6	95.2	0.000
Totem	86.5	91.9	94.7	97.4	0.000
Crane	95.3	97.6	98.2	99.0	0.000
Zeppelin	81.8	84.0	87.0	91.6	0.000
Chessboard	85.8	90.5	92.2	95.8	0.000
Note	93.9	96.9	98.5	98.8	0.000
Lighthouse	77.7	80.7	85.3	88.4	0.000
Globe	91.9	97.9	97.6	97.6	0.000
Soother	88.5	87.0	93.0	94.6	0.000

The majority of the other pictures had the same name agreement regarding education. The total number of pictures was 70.

Table 5. Pictures with significant difference in name agreement between younger and older participants.

Picture name	Correctly named pictures—age ≤ 55 years (%) n = 2,594	Correctly named pictures—age ≥ 56 years (%) n = 2,696	Difference between younger and older participants (%)	p-Value
Door	99.4	98.4	1.0	0.000
Fork	99.0	97.8	1.2	0.000
Leaf	98.2	96.8	1.4	0.000
Clover	98.1	96.3	1.8	0.000
Note	99.3	97.3	2.0	0.000
Rolling pin	97.9	95.5	2.4	0.000
Computer	96.3	93.2	3.1	0.000
Moon	96.6	92.3	4.3	0.000
Submarine	98.9	92.6	6.3	0.000
Well	98.7	92.1	6.6	0.000
Saddle	94.6	84.6	10.0	0.000
Lighthouse	91.7	80.0	11.7	0.000
Rocket	93.9	81.9	12.0	0.000
Cake	93.9	95.9	−2.0	0.000
Chessboard	91.8	94.5	−2.7	0.000
Jug	96.2	99.1	−2.9	0.000

The majority of the other pictures had the same name agreement regarding age. The total number of pictures was 70. Pictures named better by younger participants are in gray. Those better named by older participants are white.

Table 6. Pictures with significant difference in name agreement between participants with and without subjective cognitive impairment.

Picture name	Correctly named pictures—participants without subjective cognitive impairment (%) n = 4,283	Correctly named pictures—participants with subjective cognitive impairment (%) n = 1,007	Difference between participants with and without subjective cognitive impairment (%)	p-Value
Chain	99.8	99.0	0.8	0.000
Chair	99.7	98.8	0.9	0.000

The majority of the other pictures had the same name agreement regarding subjective cognitive impairment. The total number of pictures was 70.

Table 7. Pictures with significant difference in name agreement between participants with and without history of brain impairment.

Picture name	Correctly named pictures—participants without history of brain impairment (%) n = 4,035	Correctly named pictures—participants with history of brain impairment (%) n = 1,255	Difference between participants with and without history of brain impairment (%)	p-Value
Steering wheel	99.7	99.0	0.7	0.000
Chain	99.8	99.0	0.8	0.000
Longbow	99.0	97.8	1.2	0.000
Arrow	98.7	97.2	1.5	0.000
Moon	95.0	92.4	2.6	0.000
Saddle	90.4	86.5	3.9	0.000

The majority of the other pictures had the same name agreement regarding history of brain impairment. The total number of pictures was 70.