Critical responsible innovation – the role(s) of the researcher

Figures & data

Figure 1. Dimensions of criticality.

Table 1. Roles that (RI) researchers can take, according to the literature.

Role	Description	Reference
Scientific researcher	Learning about a research team with the epistemic goal to create transferable results	(Freeth and Vilsmaier 2020)
Team member	Learning alongside the team	(Freeth and Vilsmaier 2020)
Intervener	Supporting the team to advance its research outcomes	(Freeth and Vilsmaier 2020)
Engaged academic	Observing the current academic system, focused on publications, theory and critique	(Schuijer, Broerse, and Kupper 2021)
Change agent	Advocating for radical transformation, empowering actors to participate	(Schuijer, Broerse, and Kupper 2021)
Dialogue capacity builder	Networking, guiding and training organisations to support the creation of public dialogue	(Schuijer, Broerse, and Kupper 2021)
Deliberative practitioner	Organising and facilitating dialogue aiming to support mutual learning	(Schuijer, Broerse, and Kupper 2021)
Project worker	Setting up and carrying out collaboration with the aim to achieve project goals	(Schuijer, Broerse, and Kupper 2021)
Critic	‘Unmasking’ scientific development by highlighting interests at play and power relationships	(Balmer et al. 2015)
Trickster	Providing an alternative perspective and disturbing engrained ways of thinking	(Balmer et al. 2015)

Freeth, R., and U. Vilsmaier. 2020. “Researching Collaborative Interdisciplinary Teams.” Science & Technology Studies 33 (3): 57–72. https://doi.org/10.23987/sts.73060.

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Schuijer, J. W., J. Broerse, and F. Kupper. 2021. “Juggling Roles, Experiencing Dilemmas: The Challenges of SSH Scholars in Public Engagement.” NanoEthics 15 (2): 169–189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11569-021-00394-8.

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Balmer, A. S., J. Calvert, C. Marris, S. Molyneux-Hodgson, E. Frow, M. Kearnes, K. Bulpin, P. Schyfter, A. Mackenzie, and P. Martin. 2015. “Taking Roles in Interdisciplinary Collaborations: Reflections on Working in Post-ELSI Spaces in the UK Synthetic Biology Community.” Science & Technology Studies 28 (3): 3–25. https://doi.org/10.23987/sts.55340.

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