Geographical Clusters of Rape in the United States: 2000–2012

Figures & data

Table 1 Statistically significant cluster of age-adjusted reported rape rates, with a relative risk (RR) greater than or equal to 1.90

Location	Counties included	Reported rapes	Relative risk	p Value
Jefferson, TX	TXMarion	617	19.75	<0.0001
Markleeville, CA	CAAlpine	15	4.58	0.04
Coudersport, PA	PAPotter	223	4.43	<0.0001
Rapid City, SD	SDPennington	1159	3.99	<0.0001
Council Bluffs, IA	IAPottawattamie	811	2.90	<0.0001
Jenks Township, PA	PAForest	36	2.59	0.01
Sioux Falls, SD	SDMinnehaha	1250	2.57	<0.0001
Niles, MI	MIBerrien	1079	2.33	<0.0001
Galax, VA	VAGalaxCity	48	2.32	0.006
Augusta, GA	GARichmond	1343	2.17	<0.0001
Petersburg, VA	VAPetersburgCity	205	2.01	<0.0001
Philadelphia, PA	PAPhiladelphia	9538	2.01	<0.0001
Jackson, MS	MSHinds, MSWarren	1904	1.97	<0.0001
Clearfield, PA	PAClearfield	447	1.94	<0.0001
Charlottesville, VA	VACharlottesvilleCity	277	1.93	<0.0001
Lima, OH	OHAllen, OHPutnam	800	1.92	<0.0001
Central Florida	FLAlachua, FLBradford, FLCitrus, FLDixie, FLGilchrist, FLHernando, FLHillsborough, FLLake, FLLevy, FLMarion, FLOrange, FLPasco, FLPinellas, FLPolk, FLPutnam, FLSumter, FLUnion, FLVolusia	33,690	1.92	<0.0001
Columbus, OH	OHFranklin	6803	1.92	<0.0001
Lower Peninsula, MI	43 counties, see Figure 1	26,425	1.91	<0.0001
Ironwood, MI	MIGogebic	81	1.90	0.003

Table 2 Statistically significant clusters of reported rate, adjusted for age and poverty, and with a relative risk (RR) greater than or equal to 1.66

Location	Locations included	Reported rapes	Relative risk	p Value
Jefferson, TX	TXMarion	617	16.77	<0.0001
Sarita, TX	TXKenedy	10	8.25	0.016
Coudersport, PA	PAPotter	223	4.39	<0.0001
Sioux Falls, SD	SDMinnehaha	1250	2.75	<0.0001
Pensacola, FL	FLEscambia, FLSantaRosa	3275	2.44	<0.0001
Ione, CA	CAAmador	177	1.96	<0.0001
Clearfield, PA	PAClearfield	447	1.91	<0.0001
Lower Peninsula, MI	43 counties, see Figure 2	26,425	1.90	<0.0001
Myrtle Beach	SCHorry	1441	1.86	<0.0001
Corpus Christi, TX	TXAransas, TXCalhoun, TXGoliad, TXNueces, TXRefugio, TXSanPatricio, TXVictoria	3191	1.79	<0.0001
Petersburg, VA	VAPetersburgCity	205	1.78	<0.0001
Charlottesville, VA	VACharlottesvilleCity	277	1.74	<0.0001
Central Illinois	68 counties, see Figure 2	18,239	1.74	<0.0001
Jackson, MS	MSHinds, MSWarren	1904	1.71	<0.0001
San Angelo and Abilene, TX	TXCoke, TXConcho, TXFisher, TXGlasscock, TXHoward, TXIrion, TXMitchell, TXNolan, TXRunnels, TXScurry, TXSterling, TXTaylor, TXTomGreen	1830	1.69	<0.0001
Winchester, VA	VAFrederick	328	1.69	<0.0001
Philadelphia, PA	PAPhiladelphia	9538	1.69	<0.0001
Central Florida	55 counties, see Figure 2	70,453	1.69	<0.0001
Indianapolis, IN	INMarion	4901	1.68	<0.0001
Seneca, SC	SCOconee	357	1.66	<0.0001

Table 3 Statistically significant clusters with a high proportion of arrests for reported rapes

Location	Counties	Reported	Arrests	% Arrests	RR	p Value
New York, NY	4	11,140	8856	79.5	3.03	<0.0001
Jacksonville, FL	6	6343	4313	68.0	2.56	<0.0001
Wisconsin	51	10,686	6807	63.7	2.41	<0.0001
Mansfield, LA	5	207	130	62.8	2.34	<0.0001
Waco, TX	11	1926	1169	60.7	2.26	<0.0001
Dixon, IL	2	419	233	55.6	2.07	<0.0001
SE Missouri	10	435	225	51.7	1.93	<0.0001
Southern Minnesota	24	2618	1194	45.6	1.70	<0.0001
Decatur, IL	7	1235	557	45.1	1.68	<0.0001
Central Florida	16	17,295	7575	43.8	1.65	<0.0001

Table 4 Statistically significant clusters with a low proportion of arrests for reported rapes

Location	Counties	Reported	Arrests	% Arrests	RR	p Value
Washington, DC	2	4424	292	6.6	0.24	<0.0001
Liberty, MO	2	985	67	6.8	0.25	<0.0001
Springfield, IL	1	1349	112	8.3	0.31	<0.0001
Sioux City, IA	20	2224	189	8.5	0.32	<0.0001
Austin, TX	3	5319	458	8.6	0.32	<0.0001
Beaumont, TX;
Lake Charles, LA	3	2660	282	10.6	0.39	<0.0001
Montana	42	2624	307	11.7	0.43	<0.0001
Shreveport, LA; Marshall, TX	4	2504	318	12.7	0.47	<0.0001
Gary, IN	2	1457	188	12.9	0.48	<0.0001
E Iowa, NW Illinois	69	7977	1045	13.1	0.49	<0.0001

Figure 1 Cluster map of the USA for age-adjusted reported rape rates.    

 RR > 2  

 2 > RR > 1.5  

 RR < 1.5

Figure 2 Statistically significant clusters of reported rape after adjustment for both age and poverty (red and pink). Counties that were part of an age-adjusted cluster, but not an age- and poverty-adjusted cluster, and are colored orange.

Figure 3 Statistically significant clusters of high (blue) and low (red) proportion of reported rape cases leading to an arrest.