The role of solar energy for carbon neutrality in Helsinki Metropolitan area

Figures & data

Figure 1. Grid connected solar energy in Helsinki Metropolitan area.

Sources: Helen Ltd., Caruna Oy, Vantaan Energia; HSY.

Table 1. Heat and electricity purchasing prices in Helsinki Metropolitan area

	Solar electricity price (c/kWh)	Traditional electricity (c/kWh)	Solar heat price (c/kWh) [4–100 m^2 collectors]	Fossil fuel price (c/kWh)	DH heat price (c/kWh)
Purchasing prices (excludes online purchase transfer fees, energy taxes, and value-added tax (24%))	6.67	4.5–5.8	3.7–9.2	Light fuel oil—6.9	5.81
				Natural gas—4.6
				Hard coal—3.9

Data sources: Helen Ltd. and Statics of Finland (Auvinen, 2016c; Helen, 2017; Tilastokeskus, 2017).

Auvinen, K. (2016c). Aurinkoenergiainvestointien kannattavuuden haasteet. Retrieved March 13, 2017, from http://www.finsolar.net/aurinkoenergian-hankintaohjeita/aurinkoenergian-tuotantohintoja/

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Helen. (2017). Electricity products and prices. Retrieved March 12, 2017, from https://www.helen.fi/en/electricity/homes/electricity-products-and-prices/

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