Determinants of households’ willingness to pay for the conservation of church forests in northwestern Ethiopia: A contingent valuation study

Figures & data

Figure 1. Map of the study area.

Table 1. Definition and descriptive statistics of socioeconomic and demographic variables

Variable name	Definition of variables	Expected sign	Descriptive statistics (mean)
			Total n = 284	Willing n = 248	Not willing n = 36
AGEOFHHH	Age of household heads (years)	+	45	44.8	49.5
SEXOFHH	Sex of the head (1 for male)	+	0.86	0.76	0.1
EDUSTATUS	Educational status (1 for literate)	+	0.57	0.53	0.05
DEPNDRATIO	Dependency ratio (ratio)	-	0.92	0.93	0.89
INCOME	Annual income (Birr)	+	14,767	15,699	8349
LIVEOWN	Number of livestock (TLU)	+	4.51	4.59	3.94
LANDSNCF	Land Size (hectare)	+	0.04	0.05	0.03
DISTCF	Distance from church forest (minute)	-	25	20	57
CREDITUT	Credit utilization (1 for user)	+	0.52	0.45	0.07
PCFBT	Perception of church forest benefit (1 for yes)	+	0.97	0.87	0.12
TRAIFNR	Training on forest/natural resource conservation (1 for yes)	+	0.50	0.49	0.05
SOCPOST	Social position (1 for yes)	+	0.55	0.51	0.04
PERCPUN	Perception about the role of punishment mechanism (1 for yes)	+	0.83	0.74	0.1
MMAHSEN	Membership to Mahiber/senbete (1 for yes)	+	0.74	0.69	0.05

Source: Own survey (2017).

Figure 2. Willingness to pay curve in terms of cash payment for church forest conservation in the study area.

Figure 3. Willingness to pay curve in terms of labor contribution for church forest conservation in the study area.

Table 2. Joint responses to stated bids

Payment	Responses	Frequency	%
Cash	Yes-yes	135	47.5
	Yes-no	30	10.6
	No-yes	22	7.7
	No-no	97	34.2
Labor	Yes-yes	107	37.7
	Yes-no	32	11.3
	No-yes	49	17.2
	No-no	96	33.8

Source: Own survey (2017)

Table 3. Result of the Tobit model

Variables	Willingness to pay (cash)				Willingness to pay (labor)
	Coef.	dy/dx	t	P > t	Coef.	dy/dx	t	P > t
AGEOFHHH	−0.147	−0.0031	−0.590	0.556	−0.165	−0.0087	−0.72	0.475
AGE SQUARE	0.001	0.00002	0.300	0.764	0.001	0.00004	0.29	0.772
SEX OF HHH	0.892	0.01867	0.750	0.455	0.514	0.02713	0.47	0.640
EDUSTATUS	0.707	0.01479	0.840	0.402	0.361	0.01909	0.46	0.643
INCOME	2.988	0.06254	5.400	0.000	0.134	0.00709	0.26	0.792
DISTCF	−0.466	−0.0098	−0.930	0.353	−0.328	−0.0173	−0.71	0.476
LIVEOWN	0.193	0.00404	0.290	0.772	0.045	0.00238	0.07	0.942
DEPEND RATIO	−0.086	−0.0018	−0.070	0.940	−1.921	−0.1015	−1.82	0.070
SOCPOST	2.889	0.06047	3.390	0.001	1.943	0.10262	2.46	0.015
LANDSNCF	−0.868	−0.0182	−0.960	0.336	1.899	0.10029	2.33	0.020
CREDITUT	−0.005	−0.0001	−0.010	0.995	0.417	0.02201	0.59	0.557
TRAINFNR	0.237	0.00496	0.300	0.762	0.037	0.00198	0.05	0.959
PCFBT	1.427	0.02987	0.580	0.560	2.083	0.11002	0.92	0.361
MMAHSEN	6.569	0.13748	6.510	0.000	3.213	0.1697	3.45	0.001
PERCPUN	1.616	0.03382	1.550	0.123	−0.828	−0.0438	−0.87	0.385
Cons	−23.018		−3.090	0.002	5.65		0.82	0.410
Log likelihood			−792				−688.6
LR chi2(14)			139.7				45.58
Prob > chi2			0.000				0.000

Source: Own survey (2017).