Adaptable improved onsite wastewater treatment systems for urban settlements in developing countries

Figures & data

Figure 1. Age of the respondent (household).

Table 1. Age and level of education of the local masons

Characteristic of respondent (mason)		Bonde la Mpunga	Matosa	Total
Age of the respondent	18–35	10.0%	44.4%	26.3%
	36–45	20.0%	44.4%	31.6%
	46–55	60.0%	11.1%	36.8%
	56–70	10.0%	0.0%	5.3%
Level of education	Never went to school	20.0%	0.0%	10.5%
	Primary education	20.0%	44.4%	31.6%
	Secondary school	10.0%	33.3%	21.1%
	Technical school	50.0%	22.2%	36.8%

Figure 2. Personnel employed to design a septic tank system.

Figure 3. Perception on who should design the septic tank systems.

Figure 4. Local masons views on who designs the septic tanks.

Figure 5. Status of septic tanks connections to disposal facility.

Figure 6. Frequency of desludging of the surveyed septic tanks.

Figure 7. Manner of desludging the septic tanks.

Figure 8. Level of septic tank problems and time most experienced in Matosa and Bonde la Mpunga.

Figure 9. Time when the problems are experienced.

Figure 10. Laboratory analysis results on the performance of septic tanks.

Figure 11. Wastewater flows directed to septic tanks.

Figure 12. The perception of the community members on technological needs.

Figure 13. Pictorial presentation of the conventional septic tank and the proposed modifications.