The investigation of the social entrepreneurship characteristics of social studies pre-service teachers

Figures & data

Table 1. Data of the study group

Gender	Class				Total
	1	2	3	4
Female	39	22	33	19	113
Male	39	39	35	27	140
Total	78	61	68	46	253

Table 2. Descriptive data related to the social entrepreneurship characteristics of social studies pre-service teachers

Factors	Arithmetic mean ($\overline{X}$)	Standard deviation (SD)
Risk taking	3.83	1.061
Self-confidence	3.79	.995
Personal creativity	3.91	.935
Total	3.84	1.00

Table 3. t-Test results of the social studies pre-service teachers’ social entrepreneurship characteristics according to gender

Factors	Gender	n	$\overline{X}$	SD	t	p
Risk taking	Female	113	26.51	5.53	.898	.370
	Male	140	27.11	5.08
Self-confidence	Female	113	29.83	5.23	1.549	.123
	Male	140	30.83	5.03
Personal creativity	Female	113	23.18	4.31	1.065	.288
	Male	140	23.73	3.88
Total	Female	113	79.53	13.05	1.360	.175
	Male	140	81.68	12.08

Table 4. t-Test results of the social studies pre-service teachers’ social entrepreneurship characteristics according to the variable “defining oneself as a social entrepreneur”

Factors	Social entrepreneur	n	$\overline{X}$	SD	t	p
Risk taking	Yes	188	27.35	5.21	2.599	.011*
	No	65	25.38	5.27
Self-confidence	Yes	188	31.16	5.00	4.287	.000*
	No	65	28.13	4.86
Personal creativity	Yes	188	23.84	4.01	2.308	.023*
	No	65	22.47	4.13
Total	Yes	188	82.35	12.32	3.642	.000*
	No	65	76.00	12.05

* p < .05.

Table 5. One-way ANOVA results of the social studies pre-service teachers’ social entrepreneurship characteristics according to the variable “grade”

Factors	Grade	n	$\overline{X}$	SD	VK	KT	df	KO	F	p	Source of the difference (Bonferroni)
Risk taking	1. Grade	78	26.73	4.57	Between groups	307.042	3	102.347	3.780	.011*	2–4
	2. Grade	61	25.18	5.59	Within groups	6741.946	249	27.076
	3. Grade	68	27.39	6.02	Total	7048.988	252
	4. Grade	46	28.43	4.26
	Total	253	26.84	5.28
Self-confidence	1. Grade	78	30.51	4.32	Between groups	115.252	3	38.417	1.463	.225
	2. Grade	61	29.49	5.30	Within groups	6536.787	249	26.252
	3. Grade	68	30.25	6.25	Total	6652.040	252
	4. Grade	46	31.56	4.17
	Total	253	30.38	5.13
Personal Creativity	1. Grade	78	23.29	3.46	Between groups	83.839	3	27.946	1.688	.170
	2. Grade	61	23.06	3.96	Within groups	4121.386	249	16.552
	3. Grade	68	23.27	5.12	Total	4205.225	252
	4. Grade	46	24.69	3.31
	Total	253	23.49	4.08
Total	1. Grade	78	80.53	9.37	Between groups	1275.073	3	425.024	2.756	.043*	2–4
	2. Grade	61	77.73	12.99	Within groups	38401.559	249	154.223
	3. Grade	68	80.92	15.81	Total	39676.632	252
	4. Grade	46	84.69	10.26
	Total	253	80.72	12.54

* p < .05.