Principal self-efficacy for instructional leadership in the perspective of principal strengthening training: work engagement, job satisfaction and motivation to leave

Figures & data

Figure 1. School principal strengthening training intervention model

Figure 2. Conceptual model of the relationship between variables

Table 1. Respondent profile

	N	Min.	Max.	M	SD
Age	125	30	56	46.62	8.012
Gender	125	1	2	1.39	0.490
Teaching experience	125	10	37	19.49	5.826
Years of experience at the school	125	1	21	12.40	5.457
Years of experience as a principal	125	1	10	5.19	1.412
Education	125	1	2	1.19	0.395
	Principals
	Frequency		Percentage
Age
30–35	10		8%
36–40	22		18%
41–56	93		74%
Gender
Male	76		60.8%
Female	49		39.2%
Teaching experience
10–26	115		92%
26–32	4		4.8%
33–37	6		52%
Years of experience at the school
1–20	43		34%
21–40	82		66%
Years of experience as a principal
1–5	80		64%
6–10	45		36%
Education
Master	24		19.2%
Bachelor	101		80.8%
Total	125		100%

Table 2. Convergent validity and composite reliability (CR)

Construct	Item Code	Outer Loading	Cronbach’s Alpha	CR	AVE
SEIL	IL1	0.679	0.777	0.857	0.603
	IL3	0.849
	IL4	0.720
	IL5	0.843
JS	JS1	0.798	0.857	0.903	0.701
	JS2	0.818
	JS4	0.862
	JS5	0.868
MTL	MTL1	0.910	0.805	0.911	0.837
	MTL2	0.920
WE	WE1	0.826	0.870	0.906	0.659
	WE2	0.730
	WE3	0.864
	WE4	0.824
	WE5	0.808

Source: Authors’ own findings

Note: N = 125. CR: composite reliability AVE: average variance extracted; SEIL: self‑efficacy for instructional leadership; WE: work engagement; JS: job satisfaction; MTL: motivation to leave.

Table 3. Discriminant validity: Fornell & Larcker criterion

	JS	MTL	SEIL	WE
JS	0.837
MTL	0.826	0.915
SEIL	0.734	0.697	0.776
WE	0.782	0.755	0.752	0.812

Note: The diagonal values (bolded) are the square root of AVEs, and off-diagonal values are correlation coefficients

Figure 3. Results of structural model assessment (p ≤ 0.05, one-tailed test)

Table 4. Summary of hypotheses testing

Hypotheses	Path	Std. Beta	Std. Error	t-value	Bias	Confidence Interval Bias Corrected
						5.00%	95.00%	Decision
H1	SEIL ->WE	0.752	0.043	17.679	0.003	0.663	0.803	Supported
H2	SEIL -> JS	0.734	0.052	14.225	0.007	0.635	0.804	Supported
H3	SEIL -> MTL	0.106	0.093	1.146	−0.001	−0.045	0.259	Supported
H4	WE -> MTL	0.232	0.113	2.042	0.011	0.026	0.398	Not supported
H5	JS -> MTL	0.567	0.111	5.090	−0.012	0.393	0.777	Not supported

Note: P < 0.05 (one-tailed test)