Analysing the education policies and sector strategic plans of Somaliland

Figures & data

Figure 1. Data Analysis processes in qualitative research.

Adapted from (Creswell & Creswell, 2018,p. 269)

Table 1. Summaries of Education Sector Strategic Plans (ESSPs)’ focus areas and identified challenges

ESSPs of MoES	Focus areas	Related challenges
ESSP I (2007–2011)	Increase access to education, Improve the quality of education Effective educational support and coherent management. But, MoEHE did not effectively implement ESSP 2007–2011 (Ministry of Education & Higher Education (MoEHE , 2012)	The poor linkages between what is planned as a strategy and what is actually implemented on the ground; shortage of finance; the lack of ownership by local education administrators; ineffectiveness of leadership and institutional capacities were the major factors for the poor execution (Ministry of Education & Higher Education (MoEHE), 2012).
ESSP II (2012 − 2016)	The delivery of good-quality primary education to as many of the age-group as possible (MoEHE , 2012) The provision of cost-effective and relevant secondary, university and non-formal education, TVET and continuous teacher development (MoEHE , 2012, MoEHS, 2015). Development of quality curriculum and frameworks; establishing sector-wide quality assurance (MoEHE, , 2012). Expanding the provision of pre-service & in-service teacher training; establishing a proper teacher profile & management system; & increasing the quantity of teaching resources and school infrastructure (ESSP, 2014).	Low budget, poor infrastructure, lack accurate EMIS data, minimal resources, low quality and professional moral of teacher, lack of a standardized ECE curriculum and quality teachers and teaching and learning materials (Ministry of Education and Higher Studies (MoEHS), 2017a&b)
ESSP III (2017–2021)	Increase and expand access to education at all levels, Improve the quality of learning outcomes, Promote equity and inclusion for all students, Build institutional and human capacity at all levels, Strengthen the system and review policies in all sub-sectors Increase funding for general education; Monitor and evaluate the execution of the ESSP (Ministry of Education and Higher Studies (MoEHS), 2017b).	Lack of sufficient funding; scarce resources; lack of detailed and reliable data on school age students, poor school infrastructure; unmotivated teachers; ineffective MoES regulations on teacher recruitment, allocation and movement, gender inequality; weak MoES capacity & communication at regional and district levels; lack of higher technical skills in none formal education and higher education (MoES, 2019)

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (5th) ed.). Sage Publishers Inc.

 Google Scholar

Ministry of Education &Higher Education (MoEHE). (2012). Education sector strategic plan II (ESSP II) Hargeisa, Somaliland.

 Google Scholar

Ministry of Education & Higher Studies S. (MoEHS). (2015). Somaliland National policy of education 2015-2030. Hargeisa, Republic of Somaliland.

 Google Scholar

Ministry of Education and Higher Studies (MoEHS). (2017a). Joint Review of the Education Sector, 2016. Synthesis Report. Republic of Somaliland.

 Google Scholar

Ministry of Education and Higher Studies (MoEHS). (2017b). Education sector strategic plan. (ESSP III)2017-2021. Hargeisa, Somaliland

 Google Scholar