The balanced scorecard in the education sector: A literature review

Figures & data

Table 1. Research procedures used

Database	Search Field	Keywords
Scopus	Title, abstract, keywords.	[“balanced scorecard” and (universit* or “higher education institution* or “higher education sector” or “education sector”)]
Web of Science	Topic

Source: Elaborated by the authors

Figure 1. Summary of the search process performed

Source: Prepared by the authors

Figure 2. Annual scientific production on the use of the BSC methodology in the education sector

Source: Prepared by the authors

Table 2. Journals that publish research on the BSC in the education sector

Periodicals (top 08)	Frequency	Relative % Frequency	Accumulated frequency%
International journal of educational management	6	28,57	28,57
Measuring business excellence	3	14,29	42,86
Accounting perspectives	2	9,52	52,38
Independent journal of management & production	2	9,52	61,90
International journal of management in education	2	9,52	71,43
Journal of business economics and management	2	9,52	80,95
Journal of education for business	2	9,52	90,48
Tertiary education and management	2	9,52	100,00
Total	21	100,00

Source: Prepared by the authors using bibliometrix R-package

Table 3. Distribution of authors by number of publications

Authors	Articles
Kettunen J	3
Chang C	2
Chen S	2
Cugini A	2
Ghadikolaei A	2
Lira A	2
Michelon G	2
Naas I	2
Philbin S	2
Pilonato S	2
Total	21

Source: Prepared by the authors using the R-pac bibliometrix

Figure 3. Sankey diagram relating authors (middle), author’s keywords (left side) and cited references (right side)

Source: Prepared by the author using Biblioshiny

Table 4. Research methods on the use of BSC methodology in the education sector

Method	Frequency	Relative Frequency%	Accumulated frequency%
Qualitative empirical research	28	43	43
Quantitative empirical research	21	32	75
Mixed empirical research	7	11	86
Conceptual research	9	14	100
Total	65	100

Source: Prepared by the authors

Figure 4. Cumulative frequency of keywords used over time in the BSC theme applied to the education sector

Source: Prepared by the authors using Biblioshiny

Figure 5. Clusters found in the literature on the BSC in the education sector

Source: Prepared by the authors

Figure 6. Framework for BSC in the education sector

Source: Prepared by the authors