Perceived or real: Reasons accounting for difficulties in the study of public administration in African universities

Figures & data

Figure 1. Conceptual framework

Source: Authors’ model (2022)

Table 1. Pearson’s correlation matrix

VARIABLES	1	2	3	4
1. Concept difficulty	1.000	0.208	0.223	0.235
2. I learn better in a group, but there is no opportunity to do	0.208	1.000	0.254	0.251
3. The syllabus is too wide	0.223	0.254	1.000	0.368
4. Textbook/slides not easy to follow	0.235	0.251	0.368	1.000

Table 2. Model summary of the regression analysis

Model	R	R Square	Adjusted R Square	Std. Error of the Estimate
1	.306^a	.093	.089	3.60
a. Predictors: (Constant), Textbook/Slides not easy to follow, I learn better in a group but there is no opportunity to do, the syllabus is too wide
b. Dependent Variable: TOTALDIFFICULTSCORE

Table 3. ANOVA result

Model		Sum of Squares	Df	Mean Square	F	Sig.
3	Regression	862.111	3	287.370	22.17	.000^b
	Residual	8372.868	646	12.961
	Total	9234.978	649
a. Dependent Variable: TOTALDIFFICULTSCORE
b. Predictors: (Constant), Textbook/Slides not easy to follow, I learn better in a group, but there is no opportunity to do, The syllabus is too wide

Table 4. Estimation of coefficient

Variables	Coefficients	Standard Error	T Stat	P-value
Intercept	12.25	0.502	24.378	.000
I learn better in a group but there is no opportunity to do	0.586	0.169	3.460	.001
The syllabus is too wide	0.538	0.167	3.231	.001
Textbook/Slides not easy to follow	0.647	0.174	3.710	.000