Quality secondary education: Principals, teachers and students’ understanding in Ethiopia

Figures & data

Figure 1. A basic system model on functioning of education (Scheerens, 2004)

Table 1. Samples of the study by school principals, teachers, and students

No	Name of School	Principals			Teachers			Students
		M	F	T	M	F	T	M	F	T
1.	Ghion	2	_	2	52	7	59	118	103	221
2.	Tana Hiq	2	_	2	19	4	23	37	34	71
3.	Fassilo	1	_	1	7	_	7	9	15	24
4.	Bahir-Dar Mesenado	1	_	1	10	2	12	18	25	43
5.	Dilchibo	1	_	1	10	1	11	14	28	42
	Total	7	_	7	98	14	112	193	208	401

Source: School record offices

Table 2. Reliability test results with Cronbach’s alpha

Variables	Cronbach alpha	No of items
Input factor	0.82	12
Process factor	0.84	12
Output factor	0.82	4

Table 3. Mean and standard deviation of the understanding of principals, teachers, and students on the inputs factors of education

No	Item	Participants
		Students		Teachers		Principals		Overall Mean
		Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean
1	How do you evaluate the adequacy of teachers in terms of their number in your school?	3.68	0.95	3.61	0.87	3.00	.57	3.43
2	How do you evaluate the adequacy of textbooks compared to students’ number in your school?	3.79	.93	3.81	0.90	3.57	1.27	3.72
3	How do you evaluate adequacy of laboratory equipment and facilities in your school?	2.89	.68	2.66	0.63	2.57	.78	2.70
4	How do you evaluate the conduciveness of classrooms to teaching-learning process in your school?	4.03	.91	4.03	o.77	4.71	.75	4.25
5	How do you evaluate quality of most teachers in terms their subject matter knowledge?	3.79	.89	4.04	0.81	4.57	.53	4.13
6	How do you assess quality of the items in terms of teachers’ pedagogical knowledge and skills?	2.85	1.65	2.88	0.60	2.71	.48	2.80
7	How do you evaluate the knowledge and skill of school managers in your school?	3.87	1.00	3.87	0.921	4.57	.53	4.10
8	How do you evaluate the students’ preparedness in terms of the elementary school performance to study at secondary school?	3.83	.92	3.43	0.999	3.14	1.34	3.46
9	How do you evaluate adequacy of the library space and number of reference materials in your school?	2.87	.48	2.9	0.35	2.57	.54	3.76
10	How do you evaluate the adequacy of budget to run quality education in your school?	3.70	1.07	3.29	1.01	3.29	1.25	3.43
11	How do you evaluate the relevance of curriculum to meet the learners’ need and the required profile for the level?	3.81	.90	3.57	0.95	3.57	.97	3.65
12	How do you evaluate the performance of pedagogical resource center in supporting the teaching learning process?	3.71	1.02	3.46	0.99	3.29	.75	3.49
	Weighted mean	3.10	.96	3.46	.92	3.40	.84	3.32

Table 4. One—way ANOVA comparison of understanding of principals, teachers and students towards the input factors of quality in secondary education

		Sum of square	Df	Mean square	F	Sig.
Input	Between the groups	7.566	2	3.74	3.36	0.01
	Within the groups	432.693	507	0.923
	Total	440.253	509

Table 5. Mean and standard deviation of the understanding of principals, teachers and students on the process factors of quality education

No	Items	Position
		Students		Teacher		Principals		Over all
		Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean
13	How do you evaluate the effectiveness of the teaching learning process in your school?	3.84	0.88	3.84	.872	3.29	1.49	3.65
14	How do you evaluate the contribution of the teaching learning process in your school to students’ success?	3.80	0.983	3.72	.949	4.00	.81	3.84
15	How do you evaluate the contribution of teachers’ assessment to students’ learning in your school?	3.84	0.969	3.89	1.01	3.29	.95	3.67
16	How do you evaluate the use of students centered teaching method in your school?	2.80	0.65	2.95	.49	2.86	1.06	2.83
17	How do you evaluate the adequacy of teachers’ preparation for each lesson?	3.74	0.948	3.86	1.017	4.00	1.41	3.78
18	How do you evaluate the appropriateness of teachers’ feedback in your school?	3.89	0.92	3.71	.85	4.14	1.34	3.9
19	How do you evaluate the integration of co- curricular activities in your school?	3.60	1.02	3.58	1.08	4.00	1.13	3.72
20	How do you evaluate the participation of teachers’ in decision making in your school?	3.87	0.98	3.70	.97	3.43	0.81	3.66
21	How do you evaluate the contribution of the management process of your school students learning?	3.91	0.96	3.73	1.05	3.00	1.29	3.55
22	How effective is the school management in implementing school improvement program?	3.84	0.99	3.73	.88	3.57	0.53	3.71
23	How do you evaluate the effectiveness community participation in school affairs?	3.66	1.07	3.59	1.03	4.57	0.78	3.94
24	How do you evaluate the performance of the management in your school?	3.67	0.95	3.69	.96	3.57	0.78	3.64
	Weighted mean	3.70	0.95	3.65	1.o3	3.29	1.1	3.54

Table 6. One way-ANOVA comparison of understanding of principals, teachers and students toward the process factors of quality in secondary education of Bahir Dar City

		Sum of square	Df	Mean square	F	Sig.
Input	Between the groups	7.566	2	3.74	3.36	0.01
	Within the groups	432.693	507	0.923
	Total	440.253	509

Table 7. Means and standard deviations of the understanding of principals, teachers and students on the output factors of quality education

	No	Position
		Students		Teachers		Principals		Over all
		Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean
25	How do you evaluate academic performance of students in your school?	3.67	0.98	3.7	0.93	3.43	0.53	3.61
26	How do you evaluate the overall maturity and development of secondary school life skill?	3.55	0.98	3.48	1.07	3.14	0.37	3.42
27	How do you evaluate the preparedness of the secondary school students of your school for the level of education?	3.78	0.96	3.34	1.12	3.14	0.90	3.46
28	How do you evaluate the attainment of students in your school compared to the required profiles behaviors set to the level?	3.74	0.86	3.27	1.07	3.31	1.13	3.44
	Weighted mean	3.68	0.95	3.43	1.o5	3.25	0.73	3.45

Table 8. One way-ANOVA comparison of understanding of principals, teachers, and students towards the outcome factors of quality in secondary schools Bahir dar city

	Source of variation	Sum of square	Df	Mean square	F	Sig.
Outcomes	Between the groups	17.0525	2	2.84	5.7	0.00
	Within the groups	488.621	507	0.951
	Total	499.673	509

P < 0.05

Scheerens, J. (2004). The quality of education at the beginning of the 21st century. Paper for the UNESCO Education for All Global Monitoring Report. Retrieved November, 3, 2009.

 Google Scholar