Cross-national validation of the non-participation in non-formal education questionnaire: Findings from adults from Sweden, Germany, United Kingdom, and the Czech republic

Figures & data

Table 1. Summary CFA results of the three-factor model across all countries

Factor	Item*		Min. loading^a	Max. loading^b	Average loading^c
Needs	SF10	It will not improve my work knowledge and skills in any way.	.73	.82	.79
	DF10	I do not need to acquire new knowledge.	.69	.80	.76
	SF8	It will not help me to improve my work position.	.52	.83	.68
	DF8	Further education does not give me the same personal satisfaction as other activities.	.65	.68	.66
	SF9	It is not expected of me.	.46	.61	.53
Worries	DF3	I think that I do not have sufficient education for further education.	.74	.82	.77
	DF13	I would be embarrassed not to know something.	.69	.74	.71
	DF2	I am afraid that I would not be able to handle further education.	.61	.83	.71
Offer	IF2	Lack of information about suitable courses.	.72	.84	.78
	IF1	Lack of suitable courses.	.62	.75	.70
	IF3	The quality of courses is usually rather low.	.51	.64	.58
Summary of loadings (11 items)			.63	.76	.70

Note: * Items are shown with their original abbreviations, with “IF” for Institutional Factor, “DF” for Dispositional Factor, and “SF” for Situational Factor (Kočvarová et al., 2021).

^aLowest observed factor loading across countries

^bHighest observed factor loading across countries

^cAverage factor loading across countries

Table 2. Goodness of fit of invariance tests across gender and age

Grouping variable	Model fit			Change in model fit
	CFI	TLI	RMSEA	ΔCFI	ΔRMSEA
Country invariance
Configural	.937	.916	.037
Metric	.930	.918	.037	−.007	.000
Scalar	.890	.886	.043	−.040	.006
Gender invariance
Configural	.947	.928	.047
Metric	.946	.934	.045	−.001	−.002
Scalar	.940	.933	.046	−.006	.001
Age invariance
Configural	.951	.934	.045
Metric	.950	.939	.044	−.001	−.001
Scalar	.943	.936	.044	−.007	.000

Kočvarová, I., Vaculíková, J., & Kalenda, J. (2021). Development and Initial Validation of the Cognitive and Non-cognitive Factors of Non-participation in Non-formal Adult Education Questionnaire. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 1–16. Pre-published. https://doi.org/10.1177/07342829211060571

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