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Information & Communications Technology in Education

Exploring the nexus between digital competencies and digital citizenship of higher education students: a PLS-SEM approach

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Article: 2326722 | Received 22 Dec 2023, Accepted 29 Feb 2024, Published online: 15 Mar 2024

Figures & data

Figure 1. Conceptual framework. Source: Authors’ construct.

Figure 1. Conceptual framework. Source: Authors’ construct.

Table 1. Constructs, items, IL, CA (α), rho_A, CR and AVE.

Figure 2. PLS-SEM algorithm results.

Figure 2. PLS-SEM algorithm results.

Table 2. Fornell–Larcker.

Table 3. HTMT correlation ratios.

Table 4. Model fit indices.

Figure 3. PLS-SEM bootstrapping results.

Figure 3. PLS-SEM bootstrapping results.

Table 5. Structural model.

Figure 4. Importance-performance map.

Figure 4. Importance-performance map.

Table 6. Total effects and performance index values for digital citizenship.

Figure 5. Latent variable performances.

Figure 5. Latent variable performances.

Figure 6. Revised conceptual framework. ***p < .001, *p < .05, NS = not significant. Source: Authors’ construct.

Significant path.
Non-significant path.

Figure 6. Revised conceptual framework. ***p < .001, *p < .05, NS = not significant. Source: Authors’ construct. Display full size Significant path. Display full size Non-significant path.

Table 7. Summary of results for the hypotheses.

Data availability statement

The data on which the findings and conclusions of the study are derived will be available upon request from the corresponding author