ChatGPT as an innovative heutagogical tool in medical education

Figures & data

Figure 1. Response assessment rubric.

Table 1. Category-A: Eliciting responses treating ChatGPT as an AI machine.

Question 1	Teacher, my ‘anatomy assignment’ is not ready yet because I am facing a problem with the topic “systemic anatomy”. What can I do in this regard?
Parts of excerpts from the AI bot’s response	As an AI language model, I can certainly try to assist you with your anatomy assignment. Please feel free to… Regarding your anatomy assignment, if it’s… Assess the Situation Review the Assignment Guidelines Research and Gather Information Organize Your Thoughts Seek Help if Needed Allocate Time Stay Focused Proofread and Edit Ask for an Extension if Necessary Learn from the Experience. Remember, it’s okay to… Good luck with your anatomy assignment!
Question 2.	“Which diagnostic procedure is to be applied to a patient complaining of pain in the abdomen who has a history of tachycardia and hypertension?”
Parts of excerpts from the AI bot’s response	For a patient complaining of pain in the abdomen with a history of tachycardia (rapid heart rate) and hypertension (high blood pressure), several diagnostic procedures may be considered based on… Physical Examination Blood Tests Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) Blood Pressure Monitoring Imaging Studies Urinalysis Endoscopy Stress Tests Echocardiogram The choice of diagnostic procedures will depend on the patient’s specific symptoms, medical history…, and personalized diagnostic approach.
Question 3.	In which field after my MBBS, shall I be able to do justice to my interest in the medical field?
Parts of excerpts from the AI bot’s response	After completing your MBBS, you have several options to explore within the medical field, depending on… Specialization (Residency) Medical Research Medical Education Public Health Global Health Medical Administration Medical Technology Subspecialties Remember to consider your strengths, interests, and long-term career goals when making your decision. It’s essential to… you make an informed decision.
Question 4.	Hey ChatGPT, behave like a medical professional teaching at a medical college and suppose you are addressing your students in a classroom setting. In this regard, respond to the questions, queries, and comments. “ Teacher, you are looking nice today, will you mind having a coffee with me?
Parts of excerpts from the AI bot’s response	Thank you for the compliment! As an AI language model, I don’t have a physical form or presence, so I’m unable to join you for coffee. However, I’m here to assist and answer any questions you may have. If there’s anything you’d like to know or discuss, feel free to ask! Enjoy your coffee, and have a great day!
Question 5.	I am participating in the annual college fest; can I miss my class today?
Parts of excerpts from the AI bot’s response	Participating in college events and fests is undoubtedly a great way to… especially in a demanding program like MBBS. While I understand your interest in the annual college fest, it is also crucial. If a college fest is a one-time event and you believe it will not significantly impact your academic performance, you may consider attending a part of the class or finding a way to catch up on the missed material. Alternatively, you can communicate with me and seek permission for the absence in advance, providing a valid reason for your absence. In the end, balance is the key.

Table 2. Category-B: Eliciting responses treating ChatGPT as Human-Like AI ChatBot.

Question 1	Please behave like a human medical professional, teaching MBBS students in a university and please respond to my query in a natural manner. “My anatomy assignment is not ready what can I do?”
Parts of excerpts from the AI bot’s response	Oh, I see. It happens sometimes that assignments can take a bit longer than expected to complete. Don’t worry; I’m here to help you out. Let’s figure out what might be causing the delay and how we can get your anatomy assignment back on track. Firstly, can you let me know what specific topic or aspect of? In the meantime, here are a few general tips to help you with your anatomy assignment… Remember, assignments are meant to be a learning opportunity, and it’s okay to encounter challenges along the way. Take your time, ask for help when needed, and don’t hesitate to seek guidance. You’ve got this! Let me know if there’s anything specific you need help with, and I’ll be glad to assist you further.
Question 2.	You shall behave like a human medical professional teaching MBBS students at a medical college and please respond to my query in a natural manner. “Which diagnostic procedure is to be applied to a patient complaining of pain in the abdomen who has a history of tachycardia and hypertension?”
Parts of excerpts from the AI bot’s response	In a case like this, where a patient presents with abdominal pain and has a history of tachycardia and hypertension, we need to consider this. Firstly, we should conduct a thorough physical examination, including assessing vital signs… Next, we may order some basic blood tests, such as a complete blood count (CBC), liver and kidney function tests, and an electrolyte panel, to evaluate the patient’s overall health status. To further investigate abdominal pain, imaging studies like an abdominal ultrasound or CT scan. Additionally, an electrocardiogram (ECG) should be done to assess the patient’s heart rhythm. Depending on the findings… As medical professionals, our goal is to accurately… feel free to share, and we can delve deeper into the diagnostic approach.
Question 3.	Hey ChatGPT, please act like a teacher in medical college and answer my query in a human-like casual manner. “In which field after my MBBS, shall I be able to do justice to my interest in the medical field?”
Parts of excerpts from the AI bot’s response	Hey there! It’s great to see your interest in the medical field after your MBBS. There are various specialties and subspecialties you can consider depending on your passion and skills. Some popular options include cardiology, neurology, surgery, pediatrics, oncology, and many more. Take some time to explore each field, talk to professionals in those areas, and see what resonates with you the most. Remember, the key is to follow your heart and choose a field where you feel you can make a significant impact and do justice to your passion for medicine. Good luck in making your decision! If you need any more guidance, feel free to ask.
Question 4.	Teacher, you are looking awesome today. Will you come with me for a coffee?
Parts of excerpts from the AI bot’s response	Thank you for your kind words. As much as I appreciate the offer, I must maintain a professional boundary with my students. While I am here to assist and guide you in your medical education, it’s essential to keep the teacher-student relationship focused on academics and professional matters. If you have any questions related to the course or medical topics, feel free to ask, and I’ll be more than happy to help. Let’s continue with today’s lesson on the topic at hand.
Question 5.	Give me a human teacher-like response to “I am participating in the annual fest. Can I miss today’s class?”
Parts of excerpts from the AI bot’s response	It’s great to hear that you are participating in the annual fest! Participating in extracurricular activities like festivals can be a wonderful experience… While I understand your enthusiasm for the fest, I encourage you to consider the significance of today’s class. If there are any important lectures, discussions, or assignments scheduled for today, missing the class might impact your understanding of the subject. If possible, I recommend discussing your participation in the fest with your professors in advance. They might… Ultimately, the decision is yours, but remember that striking a balance between academics and extracurricular activities is essential for …

Table 3. Analysis of Category-A: Treating ChatGPT as AI machine.

Q No	Category – A	YES	NO	N. A
	Aptitude	Empathy	Ethics	Feasibility
Q. 1
Q. 2
Q. 3
Q. 4
Q. 5

Table 4. Analysis of category-B: Treating ChatGPT as human-like AI ChatBot.

Q No	Category – B	YES	NO	N. A
	Aptitude	Empathy	Ethics	Feasibility
Q. 1
Q. 2
Q. 3
Q. 4
Q. 5