Institutional, supervisory, and personal demands: unravelling the challenge-hindrance demands in doctoral programs

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographical summary of the participants.

Participant name	Gender	Type of University	Year of registration for PhD	Scholarship	Age	Family/ Marital status	Teaching workloads per week after coursework	Discipline
P1	M	Central	July 2022–June 23	Yes	25	Not married	2	Business and management
P2	M	State-owned	July 2022–June 23	Yes	27	Not married	5	Commerce
P3	F	Deemed University	July 2021–June 22	Yes	32	Married with 2 kids	3	Economics
P4	F	Central	July 2019–June 20	Yes	31	Married with one kid	2	Business and management
P5	F	State-owned	July 2020–June 21	No	29	Married	4	Psychology
P6	M	Deemed University	July 2020–June 21	No	30	Married with one kid	4	Education
P7	F	State-owned	July 2019–June 20	Yes	33	Married with 2 kids	4	Economics
P8	F	State-owned	July 2020–June 21	Yes	27	Not married	5	Commerce
P9	M	State-owned	July 2022–June 23	Yes	31	Married with one kid	5	Business and management
P10	M	Central	July 2019–June 20	Yes	29	Married	2	Public admin
P11	M	Deemed University	July 2022–June 23	Yes	35	Married with one kid	3	Psychology
P12	M	Private	July 2021–June 22	Yes	28	Not married	3	Economics
P13	M	Private	July 2020–June 21	No	28	Not married	3	Business and management
P14	F	Deemed University	July 2019–June 20	No	32	Not married	3	Political science
P15	F	Central	July 2021–June 22	Yes	31	Married with one kid	2	Sociology
P16	F	Private	July 2019–June 20	Yes	28	Not married	4	Education
P17	M	Central	July 2021–June 22	Yes	27	Not married	2	Econometric
P18	M	Deemed University	July 2022–June 23	No	26	Not married	4	Business and management
P19	F	State-owned	July 2019–June 20	Yes	30	Married	4	Law
P20	M	State-owned	July 2022–June 23	Yes	33	Married with one kid	3	Public admin
P21	M	Central	July 2019–June 20	Yes	32	Married with 2 kids	2	Sociology
P22	M	Deemed University	July 2021–June 22	Yes	34	Married	4	Business and management
P23	M	State-owned	July 2019–June 20	Yes	29	Married with one kid	4	Psychology
P24	M	Private	July 2021–June 22	Yes	28	Not married	4	Business and management
P25	F	State-owned	July 2020–June 21	Yes	27	Not married	4	Economics
P26	F	Private	July 2022–June 23	No	29	Married	3	Education
P27	M	Central	July 2020–June 21	Yes	30	Married with one kid	2	Commerce
P28	F	State-owned	July 2021–June 22	Yes	31	Married with one kid	5	Philosophy
P29	F	State-owned	July 2022–June 23	Yes	29	Married with one kid	4	Economics
P30	M	Central	July 2021–June 22	Yes	30	Married	2	Business and management
P31	F	Private	July 2022–June 23	No	27	Not married	5	Political science
P32	F	Deemed University	July 2021–June 22	No	34	Married with 2 kids	4	Commerce
P33	M	Private	July 2022–June 23	Yes	32	Married with one kid	4	Law
P34	F	State-owned	July 2021–June 22	Yes	28	Married	3	Business and management
P35	M	Central	July 2022–June 23	Yes	31	Married with one kid	2	Journalism

Table 2. Themes and codes obtained from literature and qualitative analysis.

Theme 1: Hindrance demands.

Sub-themes	Institutional hindrance demands		Supervisory hindrance demands		Personal hindrance demand
Literature review	Inadequate program structure, unclear expectations, Inadequate coursework	Lack of infrastructure, financial assistance, and scholarship	Incompetent supervisor leadership style	Abusive supervision, harassment, criticism	Family financial insecurity	Lack of family support, work-family conflict
Qualitative analysis codes	Uncertain program structure and policy	Absence of research infrastructure	The lack of supervisor’s and scholars’ competencies fit	Inadequate interpersonal relationship style	Family financial demands	Work-family conflict
Hindrance demands	Ambiguity in Doctoral Research Roles	Resource inadequacy	Resource inadequacy	Interpersonal conflict	Resource inadequacy	Interpersonal conflict

Theme 2: Challenge demands.

Sub-themes	Institutional challenge demands		Supervisory challenge demands		Personal challenge demand
Literature review	Time pressure	Lack of publication writing training	Availability of supervisor	Advisors emotional support	Continuous, intensive work
Qualitative analysis codes	Time management	Difficulties in academic writing and publication	Work pressure on the supervisor	Imbalance in emotional and technical support	Multiple and continuous roles
Challenge demands	Workload	Role complexity	Workload	Role Responsibility	Role Responsibility

Figure 1. Thematic analysis approach: The theory of the doctoral program demands.

Figure 2. Theoretical framework of doctoral program demands.