Is procrastination related to sleep quality? Testing an application of the procrastination–health model

Figures & data

Figure 1. Procrastination–health model showing the hypothesized indirect effects of trait procrastination on sleep quality through perceived stress.

Table 1. Descriptive statistics for procrastination, perceived stress, and sleep quality for Study 2 (N = 339)

Variable	M	SD	1	2
Procrastination	2.68	.55	–	–
Perceived stress	2.96	.55	.32^**	–
PSQI sleep latency	1.77	.76	.12^*	.22^**
PSQI daytime dysfunction	2.20	.64	.22^**	.36^**
PSQI sleep quality	1.12	.39	−.07	.07
PSQI medication to sleep	1.40	.65	.22^*	.21^**
PSQI sleep efficiency	.53	.91	.04	.18^**
PSQI sleep duration	.43	.76	.16^**	.14^**
PSQI sleep disturbance	2.22	.43	.05	.26^**
PSQI total score	9.06	2.19	.13^*	.27^**

Note: SD = standard deviation; PSQI = Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index.

^* p < .05.

^** p < .01.

Table 2. Indirect effects of procrastination (PRO) on sleep quality (SLQ) through stress (ST) controlling for mental health issues, in Study 2

N	Path	b	t	Indirect effect (SE)	BCA CIs	Model R^2	F (df)
339	PRO–ST (a)	.30	5.87^**			.08	10.00^**
	ST–SLQ (b)	.96	4.32^**				(2,336)
	PRO–SLQ (c)	.18	.82
	PRO–ST–SLQ (c′)	.18	.82	.29 (.08)	.15; .48

Notes: BCA CI = Bias Corrected and accelerated 95% CI; Boot strapping analysis was conducted with 5,000 resamples.

^** p < .001.