Can wisdom be fostered: Time to test the model of wisdom

Figures & data

Figure 1. Design of current research.

Table 1. Prediction of different components of (3D) wisdom through MORE life experience resources (post-intervention) (N = 104)

Predictor variables	R	R^2	R^2 (Adjusted)	ΔR^2	ΔF	β	t
Criterion variable: cognitive wisdom
Habitual action (RT)	0.24	0.06	0.05	–	5.99^*	0.24	2.45^*
Personal mastery	0.33	0.11	0.09	0.06	6.36^*	0.24	2.53^*
Suppression (ER)	0.39	0.15	0.13	0.04	4.67^*	0.20	2.16^*
Criterion variable: affective wisdom
Personal mastery	0.34	0.12	0.11	–	13.38^***	0.34	3.66^***
Mindfulness (MAAS)	0.41	0.17	0.15	0.05	6.10^*	0.23	2.47^*
Criterion variable: reflective wisdom
Personal mastery	0.27	0.07	0.06	–	7.73^**	0.43	2.78^**
Mindfulness (MAAS)	0.35	0.12	0.11	0.05	6.01^*	0.26	2.45^*
Criterion variable: composite wisdom
Mindfulness (MAAS)	0.33	0.11	0.10	–	12.34^***	0.33	3.51^***
Reappraisal (ER)	0.41	0.17	0.15	0.06	6.97^**	0.24	2.64^**

Notes:

RT = reflective thinking, ER = emotional regulation, MASS = mindful attention awareness scale.

^* p < 0.05.

^** p < 0.01.

^*** p < 0.001.

Table 2. Mean differences in different MORE related components after 18 weeks intervention (N = 104)

Outcome	Pre-intervention		Post-intervention		t(103)	95% CI for mean difference	p	Cohen’s d
	M	SD	M	SD
Personal mastery	19.32	3.08	19.43	3.30	−0.33	−0.74, 0.53	0.75	−0.03
Reappraisal (ER)	25.83	5.77	27.32	7.17	−1.74	−3.19, 0.20	0.09	−0.17
Suppression (ER)	18.97	5.24	16.62	4.75	3.52***	1.02, 3.67	0.001	0.34
Habitual action (RT)	11.92	2.37	10.95	2.96	2.60*	0.23, 1.17	0.011	0.26
Understanding (RT)	13.86	2.66	13.73	3.31	0.37	−0.55, 0.78	0.71	0.04
Critical reflection (RT)	13.15	2.43	13.00	3.38	0.44	−0.51, 0.79	0.66	0.04
Reflection (RT)	15.25	2.24	15.55	2.07	−1.02	−0.88, 0.28	0.31	−0.10
Extraversion	24.42	4.30	24.93	4.43	−1.11	−1.42, 0.41	0.27	−0.11
Agreeableness	31.18	4.99	30.84	4.74	0.66	−0.70, 1.39	0.51	0.06
Conscientiousness	29.78	4.00	28.78	5.05	1.88	−0.05, 2.07	0.06	0.18
Neuroticism	23.85	4.54	24.23	4.57	−0.75	−1.40, 0.63	0.45	−0.07
Openness	33.64	4.96	34.13	5.51	−0.77	−1.75, 0.77	0.44	−0.08
Mindfulness (MAAS)	54.14	10.47	53.40	10.00	0.68	−1.43, 2.91	0.50	0.07

Notes: ER = emotional regulation, RT = reflective thinking, MASS = mindful attention awareness scale.

^* p < 0.05.

^** p < 0.01.

^*** p < 0.001.

Table 3. Changes in self rated 3D-Wisdom after 18 weeks intervention (N = 104)

Wisdom outcome	Pre intervention		Post intervention		t(103)	95% CI for mean difference	p	Cohen’s d
	M	SD	M	SD
Cognitive	44.07	7.25	44.14	7.56	−0.09	−1.81, 1.65	0.93	−0.01
Reflective	37.62	4.67	37.9	5.58	−0.48	−1.47, 0.90	0.63	−0.05
Affective	39.89	5.18	39.17	4.72	1.15	−0.53, 1.97	0.26	0.11
Composite	121.76	13.05	121.26	13.59	0.34	−2.38, 3.38	0.73	0.03

Figure 2. Mean differences in different MORE related components after 18 weeks intervention.

Figure 3. Mean differences in self rated 3D-Wisdom after 18 weeks intervention.