Psychometric evaluation of the Japanese version of Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI-J) among middle-aged, and elderly adults: Concurrent validity, internal consistency and test–retest reliability

Figures & data

Table 1. Basic characteristic of participants

	Middle-aged (n = 520)	Older (n = 312)	p value ^b^)
Age (years), mean ± SD	51.8 ± 7.2	71.7 ± 4.4	<0.01
Gender (women), n (%)	260 (50.0)	156 (50.0)	1.00
Primary/ secondary education, n (%)	158 (30.4)	152 (48.7)	<0.01
Living alone, n (%)	81 (15.6)	41 (13.1)	0.336
Self-rated health (poor/very poor), n (%)	111 (21.3)	57 (18.3)	0.284
History of chronic diseases, n (%)^a	66 (12.7)	99 (31.7)	<0.01
Alcohol intake, n (%)	311 (59.8)	167 (53.5)	0.08
Smoke, n (%)	102 (19.6)	28 (9.0)	<0.01
Self-rated financial status (poor/very poor), n(%)	205 (39.4)	89 (28.5)	<0.01

^a Chronic disease was self-reported by the participants, and was defined as having at least one of the following diseases: cancer, stroke, heart disease, or diabetes mellitus.

^b A t-test for continuous variables and χ² test for categorical variables were conducted.

Table 2-1. Concurrent validity analysis of TIPI-J in middle-aged (n = 520)

	NEO-FFI
TIPI-J	Neuroticism	Extraversion	Openness	Agreeableness	Conscientiousness
Neuroticism	0.68**	−0.40**	−0.09*	−0.28**	−0.31**
Item4	0.65**	−0.33**	−0.06	−0.20**	−0.14**
Item9	0.45**	−0.33**	−0.09*	−0.26**	−0.39**
Extraversion	−0.37**	0.70**	0.21**	0.18**	0.28**
Item1	−0.37**	0.76**	0.19**	0.22**	0.32**
Item6	−0.25**	0.40**	0.15**	0.08	0.14**
Openness	−0.24**	0.49**	0.45**	0.07	0.28**
Item5	−0.06	0.42**	0.43**	0.02	0.20**
Item10	−0.33**	0.38**	0.30**	0.14**	0.26**
Agreeableness	−0.23**	0.18**	0.12**	0.58**	0.29**
Item2	−0.30**	0.06	0.01	0.49**	0.13*
Item7	−0.03	0.25**	0.19**	0.40**	0.33**
Conscientiousness	−0.25**	0.22**	0.21**	0.17**	0.62**
Item3	−0.11**	0.23**	0.26**	0.09*	0.53**
Item8	−0.30**	0.14**	0.09*	0.20**	0.48**

Note: TIPI = Ten-Item Personality Inventory, NEO-FFI = NEO-Five-Factor Inventory.

* p < 0.05.

** p < 0.01.

Table 2-2. Concurrent validity analysis of TIPI-J in older adults (n = 312)

	NEO-FFI
TIPI-J	Neuroticism	Extraversion	Openness	Agreeableness	Conscientiousness
Neuroticism	0.70**	−0.33**	−0.18**	−0.37**	−0.37**
Item4	0.65**	−0.24**	−0.18**	−0.32**	−0.20**
Item9	0.49**	−0.32**	−0.12*	−0.29**	−0.45**
Extraversion	−0.30**	0.66**	0.17**	0.08	0.26**
Item1	−0.31**	0.72**	0.17**	0.14*	0.32**
Item6	−0.18**	0.35**	0.10	−0.03	0.08
Openness	−0.14*	0.36**	0.34**	0.10	0.32**
Item5	−0.03	0.37**	0.40**	−0.01	0.23**
Item10	−0.18**	0.19**	0.13*	0.15**	0.27**
Agreeableness	−0.32**	0.25**	0.14*	0.63**	0.35**
Item2	−0.33**	0.15**	0.10	0.55**	0.24**
Item7	−0.16	0.27**	0.12*	0.45**	0.33**
Conscientiousness	−0.27**	0.27**	0.07	0.25**	0.62**
Item3	−0.12*	0.26**	0.10	0.15*	0.43**
Item8	−0.31**	0.18**	0.01	0.25**	0.54**

Note: TIPI = Ten-Item Personality Inventory, NEO-FFI = NEO-Five-Factor Inventory.

* p < 0.05.

** p < 0.01.

Table 3. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients and test–retest reliability of the TIPI-J

	Middle-aged		Older
TIPI-J	Cronbach’s alpha (n = 520)	Test–retest reliability (n = 462)	Cronbach’s alpha (n = 312)	Test–retest reliability (n = 287)
Neuroticism	0.51	0.78	0.52	0.78
Extraversion	0.57	0.84	0.54	0.78
Openness	0.47	0.75	0.33	0.67
Agreeableness	0.29	0.74	0.42	0.70
Conscientiousness	0.49	0.77	0.44	0.76