Bhagavad Gita teachings and positive psychology: Efficacy for semi-urban Indian students of NCR

Figures & data

Table 1. ANOVA for gain scores of all three groups

ANOVA
		Sum of squares	df	Mean square	F
Gain scores hope	Between groups	1605.422	2	802.711	61.111
	Within groups	8235.786	627	13.135
	Total	9841.208	629
Gain Scores optimism	Between groups	224.581	2	112.290	33.713
	Within groups	2088.405	627	3.331
	Total	2312.986	629
Gain Scores resilience	Between groups	2308.441	2	1154.221	36.883
	Within groups	19,621.533	627	31.294
	Total	21,929.975	629

Table 2. ANOVA table showing significance levels between groups

ANOVA
		Sig.
Gain scores hope	Between groups	.000
	Within groups
	Total
Gain scores optimism	Between groups	.000
	Within groups
	Total
Gain Scores resilience	Between groups	.000
	Within groups
	Total

Table 3. Post Hoc Tests showing multiple comparisons: Bonferroni

Post Hoc tests
Multiple comparisons
Bonferroni
Dependent variable	(I) GROUP	(J) GROUP	Mean difference (I-J)	Std. error	Sig.
Gain scores hope	Control	Indian	−3.629^*	.354	.000
		Western	−.552	.354	.357
	Indian	Control	3.629^*	.354	.000
		Western	3.076^*	.354	.000
	Western	Control	.552	.354	.357
		Indian	−3.076^*	.354	.000
Gain scores optimism	Control	Indian	−1.462^*	.178	.000
		Western	−.767^*	.178	.000
	Indian	Control	1.462^*	.178	.000
		Western	.695^*	.178	.000
	Western	Control	.767^*	.178	.000
		Indian	−.695^*	.178	.000
Gain scores resilience	Control	Indian	−3.929^*	.546	.000
		Western	.252	.546	1.000
	Indian	Control	3.929^*	.546	.000
		Western	4.181^*	.546	.000
	Western	Control	−.252	.546	1.000
		Indian	−4.181^*	.546	.000

Figure 1. Means of gain scores for hope.

Figure 2. Means of gain scores for resilience.

Figure 3. Means of gain scores for optimism.

Table 4. Multiple comparisons showing upper bound and Lower bound scores

Multiple comparisons
Bonferroni
Dependent Variable	(I) GROUP	(J) GROUP	95% Confidence interval
			Lower bound	Upper bound
Gain scores hope	Control	Indian	−4.48	−2.78
		Western	−1.40	.30
	Indian	Control	2.78	4.48
		Western	2.23	3.93
	Western	Control	−.30	1.40
		Indian	−3.93	−2.23
Gain Scores optimism	Control	Indian	−1.89	−1.03
		Western	−1.19	−.34
	Indian	Control	1.03	1.89
		Western	.27	1.12
	Western	Control	.34	1.19
		Indian	−1.12	−.27
Gain Scores resilience	Control	Indian	−5.24	−2.62
		Western	−1.06	1.56
	Indian	Control	2.62	5.24
		Western	2.87	5.49
	Western	Control	−1.56	1.06
		Indian	−5.49	−2.87

*The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.