Effect of musical stimuli on design thinking: Differences between expert and student designers

Figures & data

Figure 1. Scalp maps and 3D dipole plots for the country music stimulation task

(a) Root cluster, (b) Left prefrontal cluster, (c) Middle frontoparietal cluster, (d) Right temporal cluster, (e) Right prefrontal cluster

Table 1. Correlations among the major component clusters in the country music stimulation task

Component	lPF	mFP	rT	rPF
Left prefrontal cluster (lPF)	1	.24***	.26***	.50***
Middle frontoparietal cluster (mFP)		1	.50***	.67***
Right temporal (rT)			1	.36***
Right prefrontal (rPF)				1

*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.

Figure 2. Spectral power and Wilcoxon signed-rank test for the country music stimulation task

(a) Left prefrontal cluster, (b) Middle frontoparietal cluster, (c) Right prefrontal cluster, (d) Right temporal cluster.

Table 2. Correlations among the major component clusters in the rock and roll stimulation task

Component	lF	rT	mFP	mPF
Left frontal cluster (lF)	1	−0.45**	−0.45***	0.64***
Right temporal cluster (rT)		1	0.15***	−0.32***
Middle frontoparietal cluster (mFP)			1	−0.35***
Middle prefrontal cluster (mPF)				1

*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.

Figure 3. Scalp maps and 3D dipole plots for the rock and roll stimulation results

(a) Root cluster, (b) Left frontal cluster, (c) Right temporal cluster, (d) Middle frontoparietal cluster, (e) Middle prefrontal cluster.

Figure 4. Spectral power and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for the rock and roll stimulation.

(a) Left frontal cluster, (b) Right temporal cluster, (c) Middle frontoparietal cluster, (d) Middle prefrontal cluster

Table 3. Correlations among the major component clusters in the soul music stimulation task

Component	mPO	lT	mFP	rT
Middle parietooccipital cluster (mPO)	1	−0.01	−0.27***	−0.19***
Left temporal cluster (lT)		1	−0.30***	0.18***
Middle frontoparietal cluster (mFP)			1	−0.11**
Right temporal cluster (rT)				1

*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.

Figure 5. Scalp maps and 3D dipole plots for the soul music stimulation results.

(a) Root cluster, (b) Middle parietooccipital cluster, (c) Left temporal cluster, (d) Middle frontoparietal cluster, (e) Right prefrontal cluster

Figure 6. Spectral power and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for the soul music stimulation.

(a) Middle parietooccipital cluster, (b) Left prefrontal cluster, (c) Middle frontoparietal cluster, (d) Right temporal cluster.

Table 4. Correlations among the major component clusters in the classical music stimulation task

Component	mFP	lPF	mPO	rT
Middle frontoparietal cluster (mFP)	1	0.35***	0.25***	017***
Left prefrontal cluster (lPF)		1	−0.35***	−0.50***
Middle parietooccipital cluster (mPO)			1	−0.23***
Right temporal cluster (rT)				1

*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.

Figure 7. Scalp maps and 3D dipole plots for the classical music stimulation results.

(a) Root cluster, (b) Middle frontoparietal cluster, (c) Left prefrontal cluster, (d) Middle parietooccipital cluster, (e) Right temporal cluster.

Figure 8. Spectral power and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for the classical music stimulation

(a) Middle frontoparietal cluster, (b) Left prefrontal cluster, (c) Middle parietooccipital cluster, (d) Right temporal cluster