The effects of perceptual-cognitive training with Neurotracker on executive brain functions among elite athletes

Figures & data

Figure 1. The implemented cross-over design with the procedure for the two respective groups (Group 1 in red arrows, Group 2 in blue arrows).

Table 1. Descriptive statistics assessing the NT variables n = 60

	Group 1				Group 2
Variables	Mean	Std	Max	Min	Mean	Std	Max	Min
Age	22	3.5	35	17	22	4.19	35	17
NT number of sessions	26.5	13.3	76	9	27.54	10.48	61	14
NT baseline	3.04	0.60	4.40	1.91	3.50	0.91	5.06	1.68
NT improvement*	45.45	50.64	213	−24.5	42.79	30.15	98.63	−8.70
NT learning rate	3.23	0.53	4.21	2.25	3.25	0.75	4.67	1.75
NT targets	3.8	0.41	4	3	3.83	0.48	4	2

* Values in percent.

Table 2. Mean, standard deviation and p-values for Group 1 at pre-test, post-test 1 and post-test 2 (n = 31)

	Pre-test		Post-test 1			Post-test 2
Variable	Mean	Std	Mean	Std	p	Mean	Std	p
ANT-alerting	−3.95	45	6.94	33	.16	11	23	.54
ANT-orienting	12.44	30	3.37	19	.08	6.42	23	.55
ANT-executive	117	90	79	36	.02	74	41	.38
AST-inhibition*	652	191	640	184	.79	604	144	.30
AST-inhibition**	635	197	609	134	.49	594	101	.56
CST-shifting	693	827	496	271	.18	486	482	.91
LMT-updating	64	24	72	17	.02	84	13	.000

* Congruence, ** incongruence.

Table 3. Mean, standard deviation and p values for Group 2 at pre-test, post-test 1 and post-test 2 (n = 29)

	Pre-test		Post-test 1			Post-test 2
Variable	Mean	Std	Mean	Std	p	Mean	Std	p
ANT-alerting	19	64	11	37	.64	10	26	.93
ANT-orienting	17	35	14	23	.61	14	18	.99
ANT-executive	102	73	83	59	.08	72	18	.26
AST-inhibition*	937	1419	601	109	.19	579	84	.19
AST-inhibition**	637	198	602	136	.27	556	75	.02
CST-shifting	580	449	472	244	.18	474	207	.97
LMT-updating	76	17	80	16	.11	88	11	.02

*Congruence, ** incongruence.

Table 4. Summary of linear regression analysis for variables predicting the dependent variables specified as the executive test variables (n = 60)

Dependent variable	Predictors	B	t	p	R^2
ANT-alerting 2	Age	−.16	−1.21	.232
	Gender	.07	.459	.648
	ANT-alerting 1	−.07	−.51	.613
	Group	.08	.60	.554	−.03
ANT-orienting 2	Age	.32	2.60	.012
	Gender	−.05	−.44	.658
	ANT-orienting 1	.32	2.61	.012
	Group	.20	1.69	.096	17
ANT-executive 2	Age	−.04	−.31	.760
	Gender	−.03	−.25	.805
	ANT-executive 1	.46	3.81	.000
	Group	.10	.79	.436	16
AST-inhibition* 2	Age	.06	.44	.665
	Gender	.04	.29	.773
	AST-inhibition* 1	.27	1.86	.068
	Group	−.17	−1.35	.182	.05
AST-inhibition** 2	Age	.19	1.534	.131
	Gender	.04	.28	.779
	AST-inhibition** 1	.38	3.08	.003
	Group	−.04	−.31	.761	13
CST-shifting 2	Age	.12	.89	.377
	Gender	−.01	−.11	.911
	CST-shifting 1	.34	2.58	.012
	Group	−.02	−.19	.853	.05
LMT-updating 2	Age	−.00	−.03	.975
	Gender	−.06	−.52	.607
	LMT-updating 1	.56	4.76	.000
	Group	.08	.68	.502	32

*Congruence, ** incongruence.