Effects of the sex of the perpetrator on victims’ subsequent sexual behaviors and adulthood sexual orientations

Figures & data

Table 1. Effects of incest and CSA on adult sexual orientations of female victims

					MSOS (N = 2,828, adj. r^2 = .020^1)			FSOS (N = 2,828, adj. r^2 = .045^1)
Groups		n	ne^3	%e^4	M ± SD	MDN	p^1,2	M ± SD	MDN	p^1,2
1	FDI (Father-daughter incest)	64	25	24.0	6.9 ± 2.8	7	ns	2.2 ± 2.9	1	<.001
2	MDI (Mother-daughter incest)	7	1	100.0	6.9 ± 2.9	6	ns	4.0 ± 2.4	5	.001
3	BSI (Brother-sister incest)	53			6.8 ± 2.9	8	ns	2.6 ± 3.2	1	<.001
4	SSI (Sister-sister incest)	35			6.9 ± 2.7	7	ns	2.9 ± 3.3	1	<.001
5	CSA-AM (CSA by an adult male)	398	292	46.9	7.5 ± 2.0	8	<.001	1.2 ± 2.0	0	.006
6	CSA-AF (CSA by an adult female)	23	15	26.7	3.3 ± 3.6	1	<.001	5.5 ± 3.7	6	<.001
7	Controls	2,248			6.7 ± 2.4	7	Control	1.0 ± 2.0	0	Control

¹Calculated on the rank-transformed data. ²Calculated on the rank-transformed data and corrected for multiple comparisons to a single control using Dunnett’s Tables. ^{3 and 4}Number of cases in which both events happened and the percent of cases in the row in which the earliest sexual behavior with the adult followed the earliest sexual behavior with an under-age individual of same sex as the sex of the indicated perpetrator in the 133 such cases among male victims of FDI or MDI or CSA-AM or CSA-AF. The 133 above cases were 27% of the 492 total cases of FDI, MDI, CSA-AM or CSA-AF.

Table 2. Effects of incest and CSA on adult sexual orientations of male victims

				MSOS (N = 1452, adj. r^2 = .129^1)			FSOS (N = 1452, adj. r^2 = .054^1)
Groups	n	ne^3	%e^4	M ± SD	MDN	p^1,2	M ± SD	MDN	p^1,2
FSI (Father-son incest)	5	4	75	4.4 ± 5.6	1	<.029	7.2 ± 5.3	10	ns
MSI (Mother-son incest)	3	1	100	0.0 ± 0.0	0	ns	9.3 ± 1.2	10	ns
BBI (Brother-brother incest)	28			3.2 ± 4.4	1.0	<.001	7.7 ± 4.3	10	ns
SBI (Sister-brother incest)	28			2.1 ± 3.8	0	.001	8.6 ± 4.3	10	ns
CSA-AM (CSA by an adult male)	34	27	55.6	6.9 ± 4.4	9	<.001	4.1 ± 4.1	2	<.001
CSA-AF (CSA by an adult female)	146	3	66.7	0.2 ± 0.9	0	ns	9.6 ± 1.4	10	<.001
Controls	1,312			0.8 ± 2.4	0	Control	8.4 ± 2.8	9	Control

¹Calculated on the rank-transformed data. ²Calculated on the rank-transformed data and corrected for multiple comparisons to a single control using Dunnett’s Tables. ^{3 and 4}Number of cases in which both events happened and the percent of cases in the row in which the earliest sexual behavior with the adult followed the earliest sexual behavior with an under-age individual of same sex as the sex of the indicated perpetrator in the 35 such cases among male victims of FSI or MSI or CSA-AM or CSA-AF. The 35 above cases were 18% of the 197 total cases of FSI, MSI, CSA-AM or CSA-AF.

Table 3. Covariance analysis of effects of incest and CSA on adult sexual orientations of female victims

		MSOS (N = 2,828, adj. r^2 = .119)				FSOS (N = 2,828, adj. r^2 = .331)
Groups	n	B± SE^1	M^2	p^3	η^2†	B± SE^1	M^2	p^3	η^2†
FDI (Father-daughter incest)	64	0.064 ± 0.285	6.248	ns^4	<.001	0.846 ± 0.226	1.282	<.001^4	.006
MDI (Mother-daughter incest)	7	−0.506 ± 0.854	5.678	ns^4	<.001	1.547 ± 0.677	2.086	ns^4	.001
BSI (Brother-sister incest)	53	−0.255 ± 0.316	5.929	ns^4	<.001	0.967 ± 0.251	1.506	.038^4	.003
SSI (Sister-sister incest)	35	0.085 ± 0.393	6.269	ns^4	<.001	0.455 ± 0.312	0.994	ns^4	<.001
CSA-AM (CSA by an adult male)	398	0.515 ± 0.125	6.699	<.001^4	.007	−0.018 ± 0.099	0.521	ns^4	<.001
CSA-AF (CSA by an adult female)	23	−3.057 ± 0.474	3.127	<.001^4	.005	3.550 ± 0.376	4.089	<.001^4	.012
Controls	2,248	0^5	6.184	−^6		0^5	0.539	−^6
Constant		6.184 ± 0.064				0.539 ± 0.051			.
Covariates
Sex of any kind with males under 18		0.788 ± 0.089		<.001	.019	−0.046 ± 0.070		ns	.001
Sex of any kind with females under 18		−0.170 ± 0.115		ns	<.001	1.478 ± 0.091		<.001	.086
Masturbating using images of males		1.862 ± 0.126		<.001	.082	−0.525 ± 0.100		ns	.001
Masturbating using image of females		−1.270 ± 0.151		<.001	.026	2.469 ± 0.120		<.001	.136

¹Estimated regression coefficient ± estimated SE. ²Adjusted mean from the covariance analysis. ³Calculated on the rank-transformed data. ⁴Corrected for 6 comparisons to a single control using a Bonferroni correction. ⁵This parameter is zero because it is redundant. The mean for the controls is shown by the constant in a covariance analysis when reference-cell coding is used. ⁶Control ^†Partial eta squared (a measure of effect size) calculated on the rank-transformed data.

Table 4. Effects of incest and CSA on adult self-identified sexual orientations of female victims

Groups		n	Not heterosexual (%)	B± SE	p^1	Exp (B)
1	FDI (Father-daughter incest)	45	13.5	1.03 ± 0.42	.014	2.79
2	MDI (Mother-daughter incest)	4	33.3	2.19 ± 0.87	.012	8.96
3	BSI (Brother-sister incest)	36	20.0	1.49 ± 0.39	<.001	4.48
4	SSI (Sister-sister incest)	26	10.3	0.73 ± 0.62	ns	2.07
5	CSA-AM (CSA by an adult male)	312	5.7	0.09 ± 0.11	ns	1.09
6	CSA-AF (CSA by an adult female)	9	60.9	3.33 ± 0.44	<.001	27.86
7	Controls^2	1,809	5.3
	Constant from logistic regression			−2.89 ± 0.10

A total of 2,396 cases were available for the analysis. The Nagelkerke R squared was .074. ¹Calculated from the logistic regression analysis with adjustment for all six variables in the model. ³The logistic regression Exp (B) results can be interpreted as the multiplicative change in the likelihood that a participant with a given trauma will self-identify as non-heterosexual in comparison to the control group.

Table 5. Covariance analysis of effects of incest and CSA on adult sexual orientations of male victims

		MSOS (N = 1,556, adj. r^2 = .462)				FSOS (N = 1,556, adj. r^2 = .453)
		6086				6087
Groups	n	B± SE^1	M^2	p^3	η^2†	B± SE^1	M^2	p^3	η^2†
FSI (Father-son incest)	5	1.205 ± 0.766	2.345	ns^4	<.001	−0.104 ± 0.947	6.602	ns^4	<.001
MSI (Mother-son incest)	3	−1.400 ± 0.984	−0.260	ns^4	.002	1.073 ± 1.216	7.779	ns^4	<.001
BBI (Brother-brother incest)	28	−0.148 ± 0.351	0.992	ns^4	<.001	0.813 ± 0.434	7.519	ns^4	.003
SBI (Sister-brother incest)	28	0.826 ± 0.330	1.966	.011^4	.006	0.063 ± 0.408	6.769	ns^4	.002
CSA-AM (CSA by an adult male)	34	1.497 ± 0.317	2.637	ns^4	.001	−0.576 ± 0.392	6.130	ns^4	<.001
CSA-AF (CSA by an adult female)	146	0.016 ± 0.150	1.156	ns^4	<.001	0.457 ± 0.186	7.163	.012^4	.006
Controls	1,312	0^5	1.140	−^6		0^5		−^6
Constant		1.140 ± 0.100				6.706 ± 0.124
Covariates
Sex of any kind with males under 18		1.710 ± 0.161		<.001	.074	−0.604 ± 0.199		ns	<.001
Sex of any kind with females under 18		−0.186 ± 0.092		.019	.004	0.580 ± 0.199		<.001	.014
Masturbating using images of males		4.927 ± 0.162		<.001	.244	−4.257 ± 0.200		<.001	.091
Masturbating using image of females		−1.134 ± 0.112		<.001	.013	2.357 ± 0.138		<.001	.094

¹Estimated regression coefficient ± estimated SE. ²Adjusted mean from the covariance analysis. ³Calculated on the rank-transformed data. ⁴Corrected for 6 comparisons to a single control using a Bonferroni correction. ⁵This parameter is zero because it is redundant. The mean for the controls is shown by the constant in a covariance analysis when reference-cell coding is used. ⁶Control ^†Partial eta squared (a measure of effect size) calculated on the rank-transformed data.

Table 6. Effects of incest and CSA on adult self-identified sexual orientations of male victims

Groups	n	Not heterosexual (%)	B± SE	p^1,2	Exp (B)
FSI (Father-son incest)	4	25.0	1.51 ± 1.16	ns	4.5
MSI (Mother-son incest)	1	0.0	−18.6 ± 40,192	ns	0.0
BBI (Brother-brother incest)	22	22.7	1.38 ± 0.52	.008	3.976
SBI (Sister-brother incest)	20	20.0	1.218 ± 0.57	.033	3.38
CSA-AM (CSA by an adult male)	32	50.0	2.60 ± 0.37	<.001	13.5
CSA-AF (CSA by an adult female)	124	3.2	−0.80 ± 0.52	ns	0.5
Controls^3	1,118	6.9
Constant from logistic regression			−2.60 ± 0.12

A total of 1,321 cases were available for the analysis. The Nagelkerke R squared was .094. ¹Calculated from the logistic regression analysis with adjustment for all six variables in the model. ²Recalculation of the logistic regression without the MSI data to eliminate estimation of zero for the EXP(B) of the MSI data produced almost unchanged estimates of the remaining regression coefficients and p-values. ³The logistic regression Exp (B) results can be interpreted as the multiplicative change in the likelihood that a participant with a given trauma will self-identify as non-heterosexual in comparison to the control group.

Table 7. Experiences of females with male partners who were under 18 years of age tabulated by group

			Earliest age with a male under 18 years of age				Latest age with a male under 18 years of age
			(N = 1,432, adj. r^2 = .090^1,4)				(N = 1329, adj. r^2 = .083^1,4)
Group	n^2	%^3	M± SD	MDN	p^4,5	η^4†	M± SD	MDN	p^4,5	η^4†
FDI (Father-daughter incest)	40	62.5	10.9 ± 4.5	12	<.001	.020	16.3 ± 1.6	17	ns	.004
MDI (Mother-daughter incest)	5	71.4	9.4 ± 5.2	7	ns	.004	16.0 ± 2.2	17	ns	<.001
BSI (Brother-sister incest)	53	100.0	8.5 ± 3.3	8	<.001	.073	13.1 ± 4.1	14	<.001	.079
SSI (Sister-sister incest)	20	57.1	11.7 ± 4.4	13.5	.041	.005	15.3 ± 3.6	17	.024	.006
CSA-AM (CSA by an adult male)	292	73.4	13.6 ± 3.3	15	.048	.005	16.6 ± 1.5	17	ns	<.001
CSA-AF (CSA by an adult female)	11	47.8	12.6 ± 4.5	15	ns	.001	17.0 ± 0.0	17	ns	.001
Controls	1,011	45.0	14.2 ± 2.9	15	−^3	−^3	16.5 ± 1.8	17	−^3	−^3

¹N with experience with male partners before reaching 18 years of age and adjusted r^{2. 2}ns are for those who had experience with male partners who were under the age of 18. The difference between in the percentages of male partners under 18 in the combined 1–6 groups versus the controls was significant [Χ²(1,2828) = 139.5, p < .001] ³Percent of all participants in group who before reaching 18 years of age engaged in sex with male partners who were under 18 years of age. ⁴Calculated on the rank-transformed data. ⁵Corrected for multiple comparisons to a single control using Dunnett’s tables.

Table 8. Numbers of male and female partners who were under 18 years of age tabulated by group for female participants

	Number of male partners who were under 18 years of age					Number of female partners who were under 18 years of age
		(N = 1,432, adj. r^2 = .030^1,3)					(N = 580, adj. r^2 = .024^1,3)
Group	n^3	M ± SD	MDN	p^1,2	η^2†	n^3	M ± SD	MDN	p^1,2	η^2†
FDI (Father-daughter incest)	40	5.7 ± 5.4	4	ns	.003	21	2.8 ± 2.7	1	ns	<.001
MDI (Mother-daughter incest)	5	10.2 ± 6.3	12	ns	.004	3	2.7 ± 1.2	2	ns	.002
BSI (Brother-sister incest)	53	5.1 ± 8.2	2	ns	<.001	19	3.5 ± 2.7	3	ns	.006
SSI (Sister-sister incest)	20	4.5 ± 3.4	3	ns	<.001	35	3.5 ± 3.9	3	ns	.008
CSA-AM (CSA by an adult male)	292	7.9 ± 11.9	4	<.001	.028	103	3.4 ± 4.0	2	ns	.010
CSA-AF (CSA by an adult female)	11	4.2 ± 1.8	4	ns	.001	15	4.8 ± 4.8	3	.008	.018
Controls	1,011	4.6 ± 5.6	3	−^3	−^3	384	2.4 ± 2.3	2	−^3	−^3

¹Calculated on the rank-transformed data. ²Corrected for multiple comparisons to a single control using Dunnett’s tables. ³ns are for those who had experience with female partners who were under the age of 18. ³Control ^†Partial eta squared (a measure of effect size) calculated on the rank-transformed data.

Table 9. Experiences of females with female partners who were under 18 years of age tabulated by group

			Earliest age with a female under 18 years of age				Latest age with a female under 18 years of age
			(N = 580, adj. r^2 = .071^1,4)				(N = 580, adj. r^2 = .052^1,4)
Group	n^2	%^3	M± SD	MDN	p^4,5	η^4†	M± SD	MDN	p^4,5	η^4†
FDI (Father-daughter incest)	21	32.8	10.1 ± 3.4	9	ns	.002	13.3 ± 3.4	14	ns	<.001
MDI (Mother-daughter incest)	3	42.9	9.0 ± 5.2	6	ns	.002	15.3 ± 2.9	17	ns	.001
BSI (Brother-sister incest)	19	35.8	10.6 ± 3.7	10	ns	<.001	14.1 ± 3.1	15	ns	.001
SSI (Sister-sister incest)	35	100.0	7.0 ± 2.4	6	<.001	.059	10.4 ± 3.4	11	<.001	.028
CSA-AM (CSA by an adult male)	103	25.9	10.3 ± 3.9	10	ns	.004	13.4 ± 3.4	14	ns	.001
CSA-AF (CSA by an adult female)	15	65.2	14.2 ± 3.6	16	.009	.018	16.2 ± 2.2	17	.001	.018
Controls	384	17.1	11.0 ± 3.9	11	−^3	−^3	13.2 ± 3.6	14	−^3	−^3

¹N with experience with female partners before reaching 18 years of age and adjusted r^{2. 2}ns are for those who had experience with female partners who were under the age of 18. Χ²(4, 2,2,793) = 66.26, p < .001 (to eliminate cells in the Χ²with counts less than 5, the SSI group was removed and the MDI group was recoded to combine it with the CSA-AF group). ³Percent of all participants in group who before reaching 18 years of age engaged in sex with female partners who were under 18 years of age. ⁴Calculated on the rank-transformed data. ⁵Corrected for multiple comparisons to a single control using Dunnett’s tables.

Table 10. Experiences of males with female partners who were under 18 years of age tabulated by group

			Earliest age with a female under 18 years of age				Latest age with a female under 18 years of age
			(N = 734, adj. r^2 = .084^1,4)				(N = 734, adj. r^2 = .072^1,4)
Group	n^2	%^3	M± SD	MDN	p^4,5	η^4†	M± SD	MDN	p^4,5	η^4†
FSI (Father-son incest)	4	80.0	10.0 ± 4.5	11	ns	.008	15.2 ± 3.5	17	ns	.002
MSI (Mother-son incest)	2	67.7	10.5 ± 7.8	5	ns	.001	17.0 ± 0.0	17	ns	<.001
BBI (Brother-brother incest)	12	42.9	12.5 ± 3.2	13	ns	.006	15.3 ± 3.1	17	.049	.010
SBI (Sister-brother incest)	28	100.0	8.2 ± 4.0	8	<.001	.065	14.6 ± 3.5	17	<.001	.049
CSA-AM (CSA by an adult male)	13	38.2	10.2 ± 3.9	13	<.001	.022	15.7 ± 2.3	17	.001	.021
CSA-AF (CSA by an adult female)	103	70.5	13.9 ± 3.0	14	ns	.003	16.7 ± 1.4	17	ns	.002
Controls	572	43.6	13.9 ± 3.0	15	−^6	−^6	16.5 ± 1.9	17	−^6	−^6

¹N with experience with female partners before reaching 18 years of age and adjusted r^{2. 2}ns are for those who had experience with female partners who were under the age of 18. Χ²(1, 1,556) = 42.90 for combined groups 1–6 vs controls to correct for groups with expected counts less than five, p < .001. ³Percent of all participants in group who before reaching 18 years of age engaged in sex with female partners who were under 18 years of age. ⁴Calculated on the rank-transformed data. ⁵Corrected for multiple comparisons to a single control using Dunnett’s tables.

Table 11. Numbers of male and female partners who were under 18 years of age tabulated by group for male participants

	Number of male partners who were under 18 years of age					Number of female partners who were under 18 years of age
		(N = 204, adj. r^2 = .073^1)					(N = 734, adj. r^2 = .009)
Group	n^3	M± SD	MDN	p^1,2	η^2†	n^3	M± SD	MDN	p^1,2	η^2†
FSI (Father-son incest)	4	18.5 ± 21.9	10.5	.015	.029	4	6.0 ± 6.2	4	ns	<.001
MSI (Mother-son incest)	2	2.0 ± 1.4	2	ns	.002	2	11.5 ± 12.0	11.5	ns	<.001
BBI (Brother-brother incest)	28	3.8 ± 4.3	2	ns	<.001	12	3.1 ± 3.3	2	ns	.001
SBI (Sister-brother incest)	11	3.4 ± 1.5	3	ns	.008	28	5.1 ± 5.4	3.5	ns	.001
CSA-AM (CSA by an adult male)	27	13.4 ± 17.3	5	<.001	.074	13	5.3 ± 3.0	4	ns	<.001
CSA-AF (CSA by an adult female)	7	3.7 ± 3.2	3	ns	.002	103	14.5 ± 25.3	8	.009	.014
Controls	122	4.5 ± 11.4	2	−^3	−^3	572	7.8 ± 19.7	3	−^3	−^3

¹Calculated on the rank-transformed data. ²Corrected for multiple comparisons to a single control using Dunnett’s tables. ³ns are for those who had experience with female partners who were under the age of 18. ³Control ^†Partial eta squared (a measure of effect size) calculated on the rank-transformed data.

Table 12. Experiences of males with male partners who were under 18 years of age tabulated by group

			Earliest age with a male under 18 years of age				Latest age with a male under 18 years of age
			(N = 204, adj. r^2 = −.012^1)				(N = 204, adj. r^2 = .045^1,4)
Group	n^2	%^3	M ± SD	MDN	p^5	η^4†	M± SD	MDN	p^4,5	η^4†
FSI (Father-son incest)	4	80.0	10.5 ± 3.1	10.5	ns	<.001	16.0 ± 2.0	17	ns	.010
MSI (Mother-son incest)	2	66.7	9.0 ± 5.7	9	ns	.002	12.5 ± 0.7	12.5	ns	.005
BBI (Brother-brother incest)	28	100.0	10.1 ± 3.0	10	ns	.003	13.0 ± 3.1	13.5	ns	.013
SBI (Sister-brother incest)	11	39.36	9.4 ± 3.7	8	ns	.006	13.3 ± 3.1	13	ns	.003
CSA-AM (CSA by an adult male)	27	79.4	11.1 ± 4.4	12	ns	.002	15.6 ± 2.4	17	.053	.034
CSA-AF (CSA by an adult female)	10	6.8	11.7 ± 3.2	13	ns	.004	14.5 ± 2.7	15	ns	.001
Controls	122	9.3	10.6 ± 3.9	11	−^6	−^6	13.8 ± 3.6	15	−^6	−^6

¹N with experience with male partners before reaching 18 years of age and adjusted r^{2. 2}ns are for those who had experience with male partners who were under the age of 18. Χ²(1,1556) = 104.6, for combined groups 1–6 vs controls to eliminate expected values under 5, p < .001. ³Percent of all participants in group who before reaching 18 years of age engaged in sex with male partners who were under 18 years of age. ⁴Calculated on the rank-transformed data. ⁵Corrected for multiple comparisons to a single control using Dunnett’s tables

Table 13. Masturbation using images of adult males or females in female study participants

			Images of males		Images of females
Group		n	n1	%^1	n2	%^2
1	FDI (Father-daughter incest)	64	17	26.6	13	20.3
2	MDI (Mother-daughter incest)	7	6	85.7	5	71.4
3	BSI (Brother-sister incest)	53	16	30.2	17	32.1
4	SSI (Sister-sister incest)	35	13	37.1	9	25.7
5	CSA-AM (CSA by an adult male)	398	121	30.4	82	20.6
6	CSA-AF (CSA by an adult female)	23	2	8.7	5	21.7
7	Controls	2,248	425	18.9	274	12.2

n₁ Number who masturbated using images of males. ¹percent who masturbated using images of males. n₂ Number who masturbated using images of females. ²percent who masturbated using images of females. Χ²[1, 2828] = 34.34, p < .001 for comparison of combined groups 1–6 vs controls for masturbating using images of males. Χ²[1, 2828] = 39.79, p < .001 for comparison of combined groups 1–6 vs controls for masturbating using images of females.

Table 14. Masturbation using images of adult males or females in male study participants

			Images of males		Images of females
Group		n	n1	%^1	n2	%^2
1	FSI (Father-son incest)	5	2	40.0	5	100.0
2	MSI (Mother-son incest)	3	0	0.0	2	66.7
3	BBI (Brother-brother incest)	28	8	28.6	21	75.0
4	SBI (Sister-brother incest)	28	4	14.3	25	89.3
5	CSA-AM (CSA by an adult male)	34	25	73.5	19	55.9
6	CSA-AF (CSA by an adult female)	146	5	3.4	137	93.8
7	Controls	1,312	121	9.2	1,027	78.3

n₁ Number who masturbated using images of males. ¹percent who masturbated using images of males. n₂ Number who masturbated using images of females. ²percent who masturbated using images of females. Χ²[1, 1556] = 15.93, p < .001 for comparison of combined groups 1–6 vs controls for masturbating using images of males. Χ²[1, 1556] = 6.412, p = .011 for comparison of combined groups 1–6 vs controls for masturbating using images of females.

Table 15. Order in which participants engaged in behavior-pairs

	———–Male Participants———–				———–Female Participants———–
Behavior pairs for earliest age differences^1 (the difference was computed from the earliest ages that the participants engaged in the two behaviors (behavior A-behavior B) by subtraction as shown.			Sequential order of the behaviors				Sequential order of the behaviors
Behavior A—Behavior B	n^2	M ± SD^3	A, B^4 %	B, A^5  %	n	M ± SD	A, B^4  %	B, A^5  %
1 Sex with adult male–masturbating using images of adult males	27	0.5 ± 4.2	33.3	55.6	137	−0.4 ± 3.8	42.3	46.0
2 Sex with adult female–masturbating using images of adult females	140	2.5 ± 2.7***	8.6	81.4	7	2.1 ± 2.5	14.3	71.4
3 Sex with a male of any age–masturbating using images of adult males	97	−2.6 ± 3.7***	71.1	16.5	404	−1.5 ± 3.4***	54.7	24.5
4 Sex with a female of any age–masturbating using images of adult females	710	0.6 ± 3.2***	22.8	55.9	210	−3.1 ± 4.3***	65.2	20.5
5 Sex with a male of any age–cmasturbating using images of adult females	155	−2.5 ± 3.8***	67.7	20.6	286	−1.7 ± 3.7***	61.9	22.7
6 Sex with a female of any age–masturbating using images of adult males	63	−2.3 ± 4.0***	55.6	23.8	226	−3.6 ± 4.1***	73.0	15.5
7 Sex with adult male–sex with an underage male	35	2.3 ± 4.3**	8.6	51.4	329	1.0 ± 3.6***	14.9	46.5
8 Sex with adult female–sex with an underage female	106	1.9 ± 2.6***	5.7	61.3	19	1.2 ± 3.12	15.8	36.8
9 Sex with an underage male–sex with an underage female	111	−1.5 ± 4.2***	49.5	30.6	398	1.4 ± 4.4***	34.7	53.0
10 Sex with adult male–sex with an underage female	20	2.5 ± 5.6	25.0	65.0	123	2.8 ± 5.1***	22.8	65.0
11 Sex with adult female–sex with an underage male	14	2.6 ± 5.1	21.4	78.6	14	1.3 ± 6.2	42.9	50.0

¹Behavior pairs for earliest age differences (the difference was computed from the earliest ages that the participants engaged in the two behaviors (earliest age for behavior A—earliest age for behavior B) by subtraction as shown. ²The ns are reduced because differences could only be computed if participants engaged in both behaviors before the age of 18. ³The M ± SD values shown are for the difference in earliest ages for the behavior pairs shown in the first column. Negative results indicated that the right-most behavior followed the left-most by a year or more (A, B). Positive values indicated that the right-most behavior preceded the left-most behaviors by a year or more (B, A). These differences were used to compute 1-sample t-tests with the p-values shown as follows: * = p < .05, ** = p < .01, *** = p < .001. ⁴Percent with negative differences (behavior B followed behavior A), ⁵Percent with positive differences (behavior A followed behavior B). The percent with zero values (those in which the two behaviors occurred in the same year of age) can be computed as the percent that were neither negative nor positive.

Appendix B. Components for FSOS and MSOS adult sexual orientation scales, reliability, and the frequency of answers among the participants

		—-Items—-			—-Males—-		—-Females—-
	Components worded for FSOS	FSOS	MSOS	Choices^1	FSOS % yes^2	MSOS % yes^2	FSOS % yes^3	MSOS % yes^3
1	Has masturbated while looking at images of adult women^3	E315	E316	2	73.3	11.8		23.0
2	Engaged in sexual relations of any kind with an adult female^4	E320	E330	2	75.7	9.9	14.3	82.8
3	Favorite type of sex partner is a female^4	P17_1	P17_2	3	89.5	7.8	4.7	91.5
4	When watching people on the street, his eye is most likely to be caught by an adult female^4	P21_1	P21_2	5	87.0	8.2	9.3	79.9
5	Most sexually arousing picture: female^4 adult	P23_1	P23_2	5	89.1	8.2	20.7	65.1
6	Sexual fantasy involving an adult female^4 partner is the fantasy topic that best facilitates orgasm while with a favorite partner	P26_1	P26_2	5	67.6	6.9	8.9	52.3
7	Favorite type of sex partner is an adult female^4	P27_1	P27_2	5	88.9	7.6	5.3	90.8
8	Sexual fantasy involving an adult female^4 partner is the fantasy topic that best facilitates orgasm while masturbating	P28_1	P28_2	5	83.8	8.4	11.7	55.0
9	Sexual dreams are usually about experiences with a female^4 adult	P31_1	P31_2	5	87.6	8.2	6.6	79.2
10	Currently living with a female long term partner^5	P39_13	P39_24	3	23.0	2.0	1.8	25.2
11	Cheated on her spouse or long-term partner by having sex with women^4	S21	S92	2	20.0	6.3	3.1	12.8
12	Has engaged in voyeurism directed at women^4	S57	S95	2	51.3	9.3	9.4	22.9