Effects of automatic and explicit parenting on adolescents’ alcohol use

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive statistics for automatic and explicit parenting cognitions and adolescents’ alcohol use

	Boys (N = 53)	Girls (N = 43)	Age <14 (N = 35)	Age 14–15 (N = 36)	Age >16 (N = 25)	Total (N = 96)
	M (SD)	M (SD)	M (SD)	M (SD)	M (SD)	M (SD)
Automatic parenting cognitions	−0.09 (0.41)a	0.07 (0.45)b	−0.02 (0.44)a	0.01 (0.42)a	−0.03 (0.45)a	−0.02 (0.43)
Explicit parenting cognitions	4.65 (0.52)a	4.68 (0.52)a	4.78 (0.38)a	4.72 (0.50)a	4.41 (0.63)b	4.66 (0.52)
Adolescents’ alcohol use
Lifetime prevalence T1	49.1%a	60.5%a	34.3%a	55.6%b	80.0%c	54.2%
Lifetime prevalence T2	54.7%a	67.4%a	34.3%a	72.2%b	80.0%b,c	60.4%
Weekly drinking T1	1.31 (3.45)a	1.84 (3.90)a	0.17 (0.75)a	1.47 (3.84)a	3.58 (4.83)b	1.55 (3.65)
Weekly drinking T2	3.23 (8.00)a	1.73 (3.97)a	0.34 (1.41)a	2.81 (6.71)a,b	5.30 (9.20)b	2.56 (6.52)
Note. Post-hoc means comparisons using t-tests (sex) and Bonferroni (age), proportion comparisons using chi-square tests. Means/percentages in the same row and comparison category (i.e., sex, age) with different subscripts are significantly different at the p < .10 level.

Table 2. Pearson correlations among automatic and explicit parenting cognitions and adolescents’ alcohol use

	1.	2.	3.	4.	5.	6.
1. Automatic parenting cognitions 2. Explicit parenting cognitions 3. Lifetime prevalence T1 4. Lifetime prevalence T2 5. Weekly drinking T1 6. Weekly drinking T2	-.26* -.02 .04 -.20^† -.18^†	--.40*** -.38*** -.49*** -.39***	-.75*** .39*** .24*	-.35*** .32**	-.46***	-
Note. ^† p < .10, * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001 (two-tailed).

Table 3. Results from regression models predicting adolescents’ alcohol use at T₂

		Lifetime prevalence T2					Weekly drinking T2
Variable	OR	β	B	SE	OR 95% CI		β	B	SE	95% CI
Sex (1 = boys, 2 = girls) Age Adolescents’ weekly drinking T1 Automatic parenting cognitions Explicit parenting cognitions	1.79 1.58** 1.33 0.93	0.14 0.32 –0.41 0.06	0.59 0.46** 0.28 –0.07	0.49 0.18 0.64 0.07	[0.68, 4.76] [1.10, 2.25] [0.38, 3.78] [0.81, 1.04]		−0.16 0.68* 0.62 –0.06 -0.17	−0.43 0.59 0.19 –0.19 -0.02	0.77 0.29 0.19 0.60 0.03	[−0.71, 0.38] [−0.25, 1.61] [−0.32, 1.57] [−0.46, 0.33] [−0.63, 0.30]
Note. ^† p < .10, * p < .05, ** p < .01 (two-tailed).

Data availability statement

Data available on request from the first author.