Investigating the mediating effects of phubbing on self-presentation and FoMO within the context of excessive Instagram use

Figures & data

Figure 1. Proposed research model.

Table 1. Measurement model statistics including demographic correlates (** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01)

	M	SD	CA	CR	AVE	FoMO	EIU	PHUB	SP	AGE	GEN	EDU
FoMO	2.23	0.87	0.806	0.870	0.626	0.791
EIU	1.54	0.62	0.852	0.894	0.629	0.284***	0.793
PHUB	2.06	0.63	0.816	0.877	0.642	0.183***	0.391***	0.802
SP	4.01	0.81	0.831	0.886	0.661	0.319***	0.368***	0.266***	0.813
AGE	2.07	1.03				−0.217***	−0.082	−0.097	−0.260***
GEN	1.48	0.50				0.031	0.082	0.064	−0.004	−0.054
EDU	1.85	0.71				0.014	0.113	0.078	−0.052	0.186***	−0.022

Figure 2. Research model (** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01).

Table 2. Summary of hypothesis (thus mediation) testing

Direct effects	Coefficient	Bias-corrected CI		Non-zero
		2.5 %	97.5 %
FoMO → EIU	0.153	0.024	0.272	Yes
PHUB → EIU	0.285	0.170	0.390	Yes
SP → EIU	0.257	0.125	0.382	Yes
Total effects
FoMO → EIU	0.185	0.039	0.309	Yes
PHUB → EIU	0.285	0.170	0.390	Yes
SP → EIU	0.323	0.195	0.439	Yes
Indirect effects					Mediation type	Supported as argued
H1: FoMO → PHUB → EIU	0.031	−0.004	0.071	No	No mediation	No
H2: SP → PHUB → EIU	0.066	0.026	0.120	Yes	Complementary	Yes

Table A.1. Questionnaire descriptive statistics

	Item	M	SD	Outer loading	t-value	VIF
FOMO1	I get worried when I find out my friends are having fun without me.	2.24	1.13	0.834	23.632	1.675
FOMO2	I get anxious when I don’t know what my friends are up to.	1.63	0.92	0.787	18.801	1.477
FOMO3	It bothers me when I miss an opportunity to meet up with friends.	2.48	1.18	0.792	14.583	2.032
FOMO4	When I miss out on a planned get-together it bothers me.	2.57	1.14	0.749	11.667	1.923
SP1	I sometimes try to be someone other than my true self on Instagram.	2.26	1.11	0.797	20.039	1.857
SP2	I am a completely different person online than I am offline.	2.02	0.99	0.795	21.280	1.782
SP3	I post information about myself on my Instagram profile that is not true.	1.53	0.72	0.803	28.336	1.587
SP4	Sometimes I feel like I keep up a front on Instagram.	2.13	1.14	0.855	41.361	1.942
PHUB1	My eyes start wandering on my phone when I’m together with others.	2.61	0.80	0.729	12.993	1.724
PHUB2	I am always busy with my mobile phone when I’m with my friends.	2.09	0.77	0.861	31.262	2.559
PHUB3	People complain about me dealing with my mobile phone.	1.63	0.83	0.754	20.482	1.351
PHUB4	I’m busy with my mobile phone when I’m with friends.	1.90	0.75	0.854	38.185	2.338
EIU1	I struggle to stay in places, where I won’t be able to access Instagram.	1.49	0.71	0.765	17.313	1.711
EIU2	I feel angry, when I am not able to access my Instagram account.	1.52	0.83	0.839	31.368	2.173
EIU3	My relatives and friends complain that I spend too much time using Instagram.	1.30	0.64	0.798	26.301	1.793
EIU4	I feel anxious, when I am not able to check my Instagram account.	1.51	0.83	0.842	37.996	2.127
EIU5	I spend a large proportion of my day using Instagram.	1.88	0.93	0.713	16.739	1.556

Table A.2. Crossloading values

	FOMO	EIU	PHUB	SP
FOMO1	0.834	0.237	0.211	0.415
FOMO2	0.787	0.261	0.158	0.234
FOMO3	0.792	0.206	0.105	0.144
FOMO4	0.749	0.175	0.067	0.148
SP1	0.264	0.254	0.156	0.797
SP2	0.286	0.224	0.226	0.795
SP3	0.185	0.323	0.252	0.803
SP4	0.309	0.367	0.219	0.855
PHUB1	0.181	0.173	0.729	0.249
PHUB2	0.137	0.279	0.861	0.244
PHUB3	0.171	0.410	0.754	0.216
PHUB4	0.096	0.333	0.854	0.146
EIU1	0.173	0.765	0.258	0.322
EIU2	0.254	0.839	0.371	0.259
EIU3	0.227	0.798	0.357	0.280
EIU4	0.281	0.842	0.294	0.358
EIU5	0.173	0.713	0.253	0.237

Table A.3. Heterotrait-monotrait (HTMT) ratio values

	FOMO	EIU	PHUB	SP
FOMO
EIU	0.328
PHUB	0.208	0.443
SP	0.365	0.425	0.319

Data availability statement

This study made use of survey data that is not publicly available for ethical reasons.