The Arabic version of the fear of covid-19 scale: psychometric properties and relationship to future anxiety in Jordanians

Figures & data

Table 1. Participants’ Characteristics (N = 760)

		Mean ± SD or n (%)
Age (years)	18–25 26-45 46–60	32.5 ± 10.20
		270(35.5%)
		380(50.0%)
		110(14.5%)
Gender
	Male	450 (59.2%)
	Female	310 (40.8%)
Educational Level
	below Secondary	160 (21.1%)
	Technical Diploma	100(13.2%)
	Bachelor’s	310(40.8%)
	Master and doctorate	190 (24.9%)
Residence
	Village	110(14.5%)
	Town	130(17.1%)
	City	210(27.6%)
	Badya	100(13.2%)
	Camp	210(27.6%)
Marital Status
	Single	430(56.6%)
	Married	230(30.3%)
	Divorced	100(13.2%)
Smoker
	Yes	480(63.2%)
	No	280(36.8%)
Fear of COVID-19 total		22.5(7.4) *
Future Anxiety (FAS) total		45.52(7.99) *

*M (SD)

Table 2. Descriptive statistics of FCV-19S (n = 760)

Item #	M (SD)	Skewness	Kurtosis
FCV-19S1	3.50(1.07)	−0.39	−0.53
FCV-19S2	3.31(1.28)	−0.18	−1.22
FCV-19S3	2.82(1.47)	0.003	−1.45
FCV-19S4	3.31(1.33)	−0.24	−1.12
FCV-19S5	3.04(1.32)	−0.21	−1.07
FCV-19S6	3.21(1.39)	−0.35	−1.21
FCV-19S7	3.29(1.33)	−0.46	−0.95

Table 3. EFA and ICR of FCV-19S

Item	Factor loading	Corrected item-total correlation	Inter-item correlation range	α if item deleted
Item1	0.65	0.61	0.26–0.63	0.91
Item2	0.78	0.74	0.40–0.71	0.89
Item3	0.75	0.72	0.46–0.65	0.90
Item4	0.85	0.81	0.53–0.67	0.89
Item5	0.91	0.86	0.59–0.82	0.88
Item6	0.83	0.78	0.46–0.82	0.89
Item7	0.61	0.59	0.26–0.65	0.91

Figure 1. Scree plot of exploratory factor analysis of Jordanian version of fear COVID-19S Scale.

Table 4. Simultaneous multiple regression (SMR) predicting the fear of COVID-19

Predictor	Unstandardized B	SEB	Standardized β	p-value
Gender ^a	0.660	0.279	0.044	0.018*
Age	0.264	0.276	0.017	0.338
Secondary ^b	1.529	0.346	0.089	0.000**
Technical Diploma ^b	0.336	0.434	0.015	0.439
Master, Doctorate ^b	−0.474	0.357	−0.026	0.184
Divorced^c	−0.538	0.411	−0.024	0.191
Married ^c	0.135	0.303	0.008	0.655
Smoker^d	−1.170	0.288	−0.076	0.000**
FAS ^e	23.298	0.518	0.833	0.000**

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01

^aMales were the reference group.

^bGraduates were the reference group.

^cSingles were the reference group.

^dSmokers were the reference group.

^eThe total score of future Anxiety^.

Table 5. Psychometric Properties of the FCV-19S at the Item Level

Item #	In-fit MnSq	Out-fit MnSq	DIF Contrast Across Age*	DIF Contrast Across Gender **
FCV-19S1	0.76	0.92	−0.11	−0.14
FCV-19S2	1.0	1.1	−0.13	−0.22
FCV-19S3	0.79	0.77	0.11	0.08
FCV-19S4	0.54	0.56	−0.33	−0.09
FCV-19S5	0.63	0.63	0.08	0.04
FCV-19S6	0.78	0.79	0.19	−0.18
FCV-19S7	1.1	1.2	−0.27	0.30

*DIF contrast across age groups = Difficulty for younger (i.e., ≤ 32.5 years)—Difficulty for older (i.e., > 32.5 years) patients

**DIF contrast across gender = difficulty for males-difficulty for females

Table 6. Psychometric Properties of the FCV-19S at the Scale Level

Psychometric Testing	Value	Suggested Cutoff
Internal consistency (Cronbach’s α)	0.90	> 0.7
Item separation reliability—Rasch	0.91	> 0.7
Item separation index—Rasch	31.4	> 2
Person separation reliability—Rasch	0.88	> 0.7
Person separation index—Rasch	2.56	> 2