Development of humanistic counseling competencies for social justice, congruence of psychology students as a mediator variable

Figures & data

Figure 1. Research model.

Figure 2. The two-phase training program based on an integrative counseling model.

Figure 3. Experimental procedure.

Table 1. Comparison of post-treatment humanistic counseling competencies between experimental and control groups

Components	N	M	SD	t
Knowledge competency
Experimental group	40	4.66	0.19	38.468
Control group	40	2.61	0.28
Attitude competency
Experimental group	40	4.66	0.17	28.383
Control group	40	2.94	0.35
Skill competency
Experimental group	40	4.47	0.20	32.813
Control group	40	2.50	0.32
Total
Experimental group	40	4.60	0.11	51.922
Control group	40	2.68	0.20

Table 2. Results of the testing of the causal relationship

Index	Criterion	Modified rear model	Result
χ^2 (df)	-	13.78 (13)	-
p-value	> .05	.39	pass
χ^2/df	< 3.00	1.06	pass
GFI	> 0.90	0.98	pass
AGFI	> 0.90	0.95	pass
CFI	> 0.90	1.00	pass
SRMR	≤ 0.05	0.01	pass
RMSEA	≤ 0.05	0.02	pass
90% CI for RMSEA	0–0.08	0–0.07	pass
CN	≥ 200	354	pass

Table 3. The evaluation of the congruence of the structural equation model

Variable	L	SE	t	λ	R^2
Congruence
Spiritual	1.00	-	-	0.96	.92
Intrapsychic	0.53	0.04	14.13	0.75	.56
Internal	0.94	0.05	20.19	0.89	.80
Interpersonal	0.77	0.06	12.60	0.70	.50
ρc = 0.90, AVE = 0.69
Competency
Knowledge	1.00	-	-	0.98	.96
Attitude	0.84	0.02	39.90	0.97	.94
Skill	0.96	0.03	35.11	0.98	.96
ρc = 0.98, AVE = 0.95
Experimental group	1	-	-	1	1

Table 4. The statistics of influential analysis of the variable in the casual model

Independent variable	Dependent variable (Congruence)
	DE	IE	TE
Congruence
Experimental group	1.88		1.88
SE	0.05		0.05
γ	0.98		0.98
Congruence
SE
β
Competency
Experimental group	1.28	0.76	2.04
SE	0.28	0.27	0.04
γ	0.62	0.37	0.99
Congruence	0.40		0.40
SE	0.14		0.14
β	0.37		0.37

χ² = 13.78, df = 13, p-value = .39, GFI = 0.98, AGFI = 0.95 CFI = 1.00

RMSEA = 0.02, 90% CI for RMSEA = (0, 0.07), SRMR = 0.01, CN = 354

Table

Sessions	Topics	Objectives	Activities	Date/Time (Hour)
The preparatory stage	-	To get ready before the training starts	The preparation before the training session involves the determination of topics, training objectives, content, training techniques, number of practices, group size, venues, training equipment and facilities	-
The initial stage				Day 1 (6 Hours)
1	Orientation and ice breaking	To get to know each other, build a relationship, and give details, orientation, about the training	1. Build relationship activities 2. Orientation
The working stage
2	Beliefs about human nature	To gain knowledge regarding beliefs in human nature based on the Satir Model	Lecture on beliefs in human nature based on the Satir Model
3	Internal resources	To be aware of positive internal resources and good things that happened in one’s life	Explore positive internal resources, review successful stories in life, be proud of oneself, and be aware of good things that happened in one’s life
4, 5	Iceberg	To be able to explore oneself by using the Iceberg technique based on the Satir Model	Practice exploring oneself by using the iceberg technique	Day 2 (6 Hours)
6	Coping stances	To gain knowledge and practice to use coping stances to support and find the solution for a person	1. lecture about the pattern of a person’s coping stances 2. Grouping in 3 (Trio) to do the role-play	Day 3 (6 Hours)
7	Family map	To gain knowledge and be able to draw a family map that will be employed in counseling	1. lecture and demonstrate how to draw a family map from the case study 2. practice drawing one’s family map
8, 9	Set goals and 10 steps of counseling based on the Satir model	To gain knowledge and be able to counsel using 10 steps based on the Satir Model	1. lecture on goal setting and demonstrate 10 steps counseling based on the Satir Model 2. Grouping in 3 (Trio) to practice counseling	Day 4 (6 Hours)
2-week pause between phases
10	Knowledge about marginal people	To understand marginal people and be able to analyze their challenges	1. lecture on marginal people 2. Brainstorm to analyze challenges or problems which cause of social context of marginal people	Day 5 (6 Hours)
11	The power to influence	To gain knowledge on power and the effect of misuse the power	1. Describe power and the effect of misuse the power 2. Share experiences from being a person who used power over others and was affected by the power used by others.
12, 13	Interviews with marginal people	1. To know about the concept, beliefs, and lives of marginal people by exchanging ideas and aspects including LGBT and disabled people 2. To find the solution to help marginal people by using counseling	1. interview LGBT and disabled people 2. Discuss the solution to help marginal people on the role of counselor	Day 6 (6 Hours)
14–17	Case simulation	To gain experience in exploring the mental of marginal people by using case stimulation	Grouping in 3 (Trio) to practice on case stimulation	Day 7, 8 (12 Hours)
The ending stage
18	Commencement	To be able to summarize and evaluate outcomes of the training program	Discuss, exchange viewpoints, and benefits which gain from attending the training program
Total				8 Days (48 Hours)

Data availability statement

The data included in the manuscript can be accessed from the corresponding author Nanchatsan Sakunpong upon request through email ([email protected]).