Challenges faced by Korean artists: Job insecurity, economic constraints, calling, and career adaptability

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive statistics and factor correlations among study variables

Variable	1	2	3	4	5
1. Job insecurity	―
2. Economic constraints	.485**	―
3. Living a calling	−.201*	−.134**	―
4. Career adaptability	−.264**	−.186**	.602**	―
5. Decent work	−.408**	−.355**	.451**	.516**	―
M	4.27	4.29	4.90	5.65	4.37
SD	1.128	1.403	1.313	0.954	1.212

N =252. **p < .05, *p < .01

Figure 1. Final structural model with standardized estimates. Dotted paths indicate nonsignificant paths.

*p < .01. **p < .001.

Table 2. Direct paths for the final structural model

Hypothesized Pathways				B	β	SE	CR	p
(H1)	JI	➡	EC	0.748	0.485	0.125	5.963	0.000**
(H2)	JI	➡	LC	−.211	−.177	0.105	−2.006	0.045*
(H3)	JI	➡	CA	−.105	−.127	0.062	−1.695	0.090
(H4)	JI	➡	DW	−.165	−.202	0.076	−2.188	0.029*
(H5)	EC	➡	LC	−.037	−.048	0.062	−.591	0.555
(H6)	EC	➡	CA	−.026	−.048	0.036	−.709	0.478
(H7)	EC	➡	DW	−.092	−.173	0.044	−2.102	0.036*
(H8)	LC	➡	CA	0.397	0.570	0.046	8.721	0.000**
(H9)	LC	➡	DW	0.138	0.201	0.062	2.248	0.025*
(H10)	CA	➡	DW	0.305	0.309	0.093	3.292	0.000**

JI = job insecurity; EC = economic constraints; LC = living a calling; CA = career adaptability; DW = decent work

Table 3. Statistical significance of each indirect effect using bootstrap phantom variable analysis

Hypothesized Pathways		B	SE	95% CI Mean Indirect Effect
				Lower bound	Upper bound
(H11)	JI➡LC➡CA➡DW	−.021*	0.012	−.079	−.001
(H12)	EC➡LC➡CA➡DW	−.004	0.009	−.025	0.011

JI = job insecurity; EC = economic constraints; LC = living a calling; CA = career adaptability; DW = decent work.

Data availability statement

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.