Differences in behavior problems and academic achievement between students with and without health impairments in Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive statistics of the variables.

Variables	SWHIs		SWOHIs
	Mean (M)	Standard deviation (SD)	Mean (M)	Standard deviation (SD)
Academic achievement	60.43	9.12	63.32	10.04
Behavior problems	0.63	0.31	0.53	0.28

Table 2. MANOVA results for the effect of health impairment status on behavior problems and academic achievement.

Effect	Wilks’ lambda value (λ)	F	Hypothesis df	Error df	Sig	Partial eta-squared (η^2)
Intercept	0.017	13956.299	2.000	480.000	0.000	0.983
HI status	0.964	8.897	2.000	480.000	0.000	0.036

Table 3. Univariate test results for the effects of health impairment status on academic achievement and behavior problems.

Source	Dependent variable	Type III sum of squares	Df	Mean square	F	Sig	Partial eta square
Corrected model	AA	1007.733	1	1007.733	10.920	0.001	0.022
	BPs	1.086	1	1.086	12.168	0.001	0.025
Intercept	AA	1,846,981.69	1	1,846,981.69	20015.18	0.000	0.977
	BPs	160.970	1	160.970	1803.125	0.000	0.789
HI status	AA	1007.733	1	1007.733	10.920	0.001	0.022
	BPs	1.086	1	1.086	12.168	0.001	0.025
Error	AA	44,386.230	481	92.279	–	–	–
	BPs	42.940	481	0.089	–	–	–
Total	AA	1,897,708.50	483	–	–	–	–
	BPs	204.265	483	–	–	–	–
Corrected total	AA	45,393.964	482	–	–	–	–
	BPs	44.026	482	–	–	–	–

Table 4. Intra and inter-correlations among variables and sub-scales (n = 233).

Variables	Subscales	1	2	3	4	5	6
1. Behavior problems	Total	1
	2. Emotional symptoms	0.72**	1
	3. Conduct problems	0.72**	0.36**	1
	4. Hyperactivity	0.72**	0.32**	0.37**	1
	5. Peer problems	0.72**	0.36**	0.35**	0.34**	1
6. Academic achievement	Total	−0.34**	−0.34**	−0.17**	−0.19**	−0.26**	1

**p < 0.01.

Data availability

The datasets presented in this article are readily available.