Validation of the Big Five Personality Scale for Ethiopian university students: exploring the psychometric properties of the Amharic version

Figures & data

Table 1. Summary of sampled study participants’ demographic characteristics (N = 476).

S.N Variables		Character	Frequency (f)	Percent (%)
1	Sex	Male	244	51.3
		Female	232	48.7
2	Departments	Pharmacy	73	15.34
		Nursing	83	17.44
		Mechanical engineering	51	10.71
		Computer science	68	14.28
		Economics	52	10.92
		Accounting & Finance	62	13.0
		General Linguistic	21	4.41
		Social Work	21	4.41
		Psychology	22	4.62
		Early Childhood Care & Education	23	4.83
3	Ethnicity	Oromo	189	39.7
		Amhara	157	33
		Tigre	23	4.8
		Sidama	30	6.3
		Others	77	16.2
4	Religion	Orthodox Christian	203	42.6
		Protestant Christian	186	39.1
		Muslim	74	15.5
		Wakefata	9	1.9
		Others	4	0.90
5	Family structure	Intact	379	79.4
		Non-Intact	97	20.6

Table 2. Rotated results of the EFA on the Amharic version of the big five personality scale.

Items	Structural matrix
	Factor 1 Extraversion	Factor 2 Neuroticism	Factor 3 Conscientiousness	Factor 4 Openness	Factor 5 Agreeableness
P8	.697
P9	.689
P11	.651
P13	.631
P12	.608
P7	.595
P10	.550
P4		.785
P3		.758
P2		.752
P5		.719
P1		.671
P6		.667
P27			.756
P28			.702
P25			.674
P29			.664
P26			.660
P24			.585
P30			.572
P20				.673
P16				.658
P18				.643
P17				.635
P19				.606
P14				.572
P15				.536
P22					.672
P23					.575
P21					.540
Proportion of variance explained (%)	20.107	11.144	6.696	5.413	4.102
Cumulative proportion of variance explained (%)	20.107	31.251	37.946	43.360	47.462
KMO	0.844, >0.6
Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity (sig.)	0.000, <0.001

Extraction method; Principal Component Analysis.

Rotation Method; Varimax with Kaiser Normalization, Rotation Convergence in 10 iterations.

Table 3. Result of CFA for the original and refined Amharic version Big Five Personality Scale.

Models	Fit indices*
	X^2/DF	X^2	GFI	CFI	NFI	AGFI	RMSEA	DF	P
Initial model of Big Five Personality Scale (30-items)	2.486	981.912	.883	.881	.896	.862	.056	395	.000
Modified model of big five personality scale (26-items)	2.237	646.47	.908	.915	.911	.90	.051	289	.000

Note. CMIN = Model Chi-Square, GFI = Goodness of Fit Index; AGFI = Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index, CFI = comparative Fit Index; DF; Degree of freedom, RMSEA = Root Mean Square Error of Approximation.

Table 4. Convergent and Discriminant Validity of the Scale using CR, AVE, MSV, ASV, Square Root of AVE and the Correlation between the Big Five Personality Subscales-Amharic Version.

Big five subscales	CR	AVE	MSV	ASV	1	2	3	4	5
1. Extraversion	0.823	0.635	.3100	.1480	.797
2. Neuroticism	0.870	0.728	.0014	.0012	.057	.853
3. Conscientiousness	0.844	0.665	.2350	.1950	.411**	−.060	.825
4. Openness	0.812	0.621	.2090	.1050	.557**	−.006	.393**	.788
5. Agreeableness	0.724	0.575	.1190	.1110	.330**	.038	.485**	.458**	.763

Note. CR = composite reliability; AVE = average variance extracted; MSV = maximum shared squared variance; ASV = average shared square variance.

Table 5. Reliability coefficient for the Big Five Personality Scale (Amharic version) after EFA and CFA.

Variables	Number of items	Reliability coefficients (α)
Extraversion	4	.832
Neuroticism	6	.865
Conscientiousness	6	.863
Openness	7	.885
Agreeableness	3	.772

Figure 1. Model fit indices summary of the Big Five Personality Scale (Amharic version).

The hypothesized CFA model with five latent variables, each linked to the endogenous variables through factor loading and signifies the relationship between five factors and endogenous variables.

Data availability

The dataset produced and evaluated in this research can be obtained upon reasonable inquiry from the corresponding author.