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Research Article

Multi-constrained optimization in ball-end machining of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy composites by PSO

& | (Reviewing Editor)
Article: 993157 | Received 21 Aug 2014, Accepted 25 Nov 2014, Published online: 20 Jan 2015

Figures & data

Figure 1. HSS ball-end mill employed in the tests.

Figure 1. HSS ball-end mill employed in the tests.

Figure 2. The photograph of the experimental set-up.

Figure 2. The photograph of the experimental set-up.

Figure 3. Photograph of milled workpiece.

Figure 3. Photograph of milled workpiece.

Table 1. Mechanical properties of CFRP

Figure 4. The tool used for the surface roughness measurement.

Figure 4. The tool used for the surface roughness measurement.

Table 2. Levels of variables

Table 3. Obtained data from experiments for modeling of machining process

Table 4. Comparison of RSM predictions with experimental data

Figure 5. The architecture of the proposed constrained GA for machining operation.

Figure 5. The architecture of the proposed constrained GA for machining operation.

Figure 6. Machining force versus feed rate for various spindle speeds; (a) DC = 2 mm, (b) DC = 6 mm, and (c) DC = 8 mm.

Figure 6. Machining force versus feed rate for various spindle speeds; (a) DC = 2 mm, (b) DC = 6 mm, and (c) DC = 8 mm.

Figure 7. Surface roughness versus feed rate for various spindle speeds; (a) DC = 2 mm, (b) DC = 6 mm, and (c) DC = 8 mm.

Figure 7. Surface roughness versus feed rate for various spindle speeds; (a) DC = 2 mm, (b) DC = 6 mm, and (c) DC = 8 mm.

Table 5. ANOVA for machining force

Table 6. ANOVA for surface roughness

Table 7. Results of validation test