Figures & data
Figure 1. An early stroller (Leech, Citation1847).
![Figure 1. An early stroller (Leech, Citation1847).](/cms/asset/c7d3337d-6ccd-4f63-a8fc-dd96015697c6/oaen_a_1333273_f0001_oc.gif)
Figure 2. Baby stroller designs in 1980 (Kassai, Citation1980; Nakao et al., Citation1980).
![Figure 2. Baby stroller designs in 1980 (Kassai, Citation1980; Nakao et al., Citation1980).](/cms/asset/e9afa14e-9454-4d3a-b82b-951e756c4c16/oaen_a_1333273_f0002_b.gif)
Figure 3. Baby stroller designs in 1981 (Ettridge, Citation1981; Fleischer, Citation1981).
![Figure 3. Baby stroller designs in 1981 (Ettridge, Citation1981; Fleischer, Citation1981).](/cms/asset/9e6bb3fd-68c3-4ef4-a72c-bd0e25407966/oaen_a_1333273_f0003_b.gif)
Figure 4. Baby stroller designs in 1982 (Giordani, Citation1982; Perego, Citation1982a, Citation1982b).
![Figure 4. Baby stroller designs in 1982 (Giordani, Citation1982; Perego, Citation1982a, Citation1982b).](/cms/asset/c7c2653b-f0c2-4909-aed7-0474e542c8a0/oaen_a_1333273_f0004_b.gif)
Figure 5. Baby stroller designs in 1983 (de la Fe, Citation1983; Duvignacq, Citation1983; Voytko & Boudreau, Citation1983).
![Figure 5. Baby stroller designs in 1983 (de la Fe, Citation1983; Duvignacq, Citation1983; Voytko & Boudreau, Citation1983).](/cms/asset/9ea60f6f-a980-4780-b7b0-b6ca3757ba70/oaen_a_1333273_f0005_b.gif)
Figure 6. Baby stroller designs in 1984 (Guillaume, Citation1984; Hyde & Carmichael, Citation1984; Surot, Citation1984).
![Figure 6. Baby stroller designs in 1984 (Guillaume, Citation1984; Hyde & Carmichael, Citation1984; Surot, Citation1984).](/cms/asset/7dd2f36a-540e-46e4-806d-891ea965c6dd/oaen_a_1333273_f0006_b.gif)
Figure 7. Baby stroller designs in 1985 (Alldén, Citation1985; Miyagi, Citation1985; Nakao et al., Citation1985; Shamie, Citation1985).
![Figure 7. Baby stroller designs in 1985 (Alldén, Citation1985; Miyagi, Citation1985; Nakao et al., Citation1985; Shamie, Citation1985).](/cms/asset/3fc26138-b083-460d-9bf6-4b651f87cbed/oaen_a_1333273_f0007_b.gif)
Figure 8. Baby stroller designs in 1986 (Cone, Citation1986; Harada & Harada, Citation1986; Kassai, Citation1986).
![Figure 8. Baby stroller designs in 1986 (Cone, Citation1986; Harada & Harada, Citation1986; Kassai, Citation1986).](/cms/asset/72317273-e7a1-45fe-917e-884285d23dc7/oaen_a_1333273_f0008_b.gif)
Figure 9. Baby stroller designs in 1987 (Bigo, Citation1987; Kassai, Citation1987; Mar, Citation1987).
![Figure 9. Baby stroller designs in 1987 (Bigo, Citation1987; Kassai, Citation1987; Mar, Citation1987).](/cms/asset/2901ed5e-8329-474e-8b40-2cfba79c1e04/oaen_a_1333273_f0009_b.gif)
Figure 10. Baby stroller designs in 1988 (Perego, Citation1988; Shamie, Citation1988; Tucker & Weiswurm, Citation1988).
![Figure 10. Baby stroller designs in 1988 (Perego, Citation1988; Shamie, Citation1988; Tucker & Weiswurm, Citation1988).](/cms/asset/2044ef0b-051c-4f30-bb32-ea66d77f5c14/oaen_a_1333273_f0010_b.gif)
Figure 11. Baby stroller designs in 1989 (Gebhard, Citation1989; LaFreniere, Citation1989; Nakao et al., Citation1989; Yanus, Citation1989).
![Figure 11. Baby stroller designs in 1989 (Gebhard, Citation1989; LaFreniere, Citation1989; Nakao et al., Citation1989; Yanus, Citation1989).](/cms/asset/4fa5804b-1942-419a-ab90-8d68a700e0fa/oaen_a_1333273_f0011_b.gif)
Figure 12. Baby stroller designs in1990 (Cabagnero, Citation1990; Chen, Citation1990; Sadler, Citation1990; Takahashi & Katou, Citation1990).
![Figure 12. Baby stroller designs in1990 (Cabagnero, Citation1990; Chen, Citation1990; Sadler, Citation1990; Takahashi & Katou, Citation1990).](/cms/asset/1c2bb237-77a8-4bb2-a0f1-f7f2eebbd0d3/oaen_a_1333273_f0012_b.gif)
Figure 13. Baby stroller designs in 1991 (Bigo, Citation1991; Lockett et al., Citation1991; Wang, Citation1991).
![Figure 13. Baby stroller designs in 1991 (Bigo, Citation1991; Lockett et al., Citation1991; Wang, Citation1991).](/cms/asset/78cad3dc-f724-49c8-972c-1a20f23bfe87/oaen_a_1333273_f0013_b.gif)
Figure 14. Baby stroller designs in 1992 (Chen, Citation1992; Cone, Citation1992; March, Citation1992; Owens, Citation1992).
![Figure 14. Baby stroller designs in 1992 (Chen, Citation1992; Cone, Citation1992; March, Citation1992; Owens, Citation1992).](/cms/asset/328f870e-4966-4964-9410-0ca0505a5892/oaen_a_1333273_f0014_b.gif)
Figure 15. Baby stroller designs in 1993 (Chaw & Hwang, Citation1993; Garforth-Bles, Citation1993; Kato & Arai, Citation1993).
![Figure 15. Baby stroller designs in 1993 (Chaw & Hwang, Citation1993; Garforth-Bles, Citation1993; Kato & Arai, Citation1993).](/cms/asset/e6ae3e27-355b-45f9-882e-11d27f11cb2a/oaen_a_1333273_f0015_b.gif)
Figure 16. Baby stroller designs in 1994 (Chen, Citation1994; Garforth-Bles, Citation1994; Smith, Citation1994).
![Figure 16. Baby stroller designs in 1994 (Chen, Citation1994; Garforth-Bles, Citation1994; Smith, Citation1994).](/cms/asset/616fb503-f944-428b-b780-dc5133298759/oaen_a_1333273_f0016_b.gif)
Figure 17. Baby stroller designs in 1995 (Andrisin, Citation1995; Bigo, Citation1995; Wang, Citation1995).
![Figure 17. Baby stroller designs in 1995 (Andrisin, Citation1995; Bigo, Citation1995; Wang, Citation1995).](/cms/asset/44e71917-abee-4a15-aa05-b3b45c578dea/oaen_a_1333273_f0017_b.gif)
Figure 18. Baby stroller designs in 1996 (Aitken, Citation1996; Huang, Citation1996; Kitayama, Citation1996).
![Figure 18. Baby stroller designs in 1996 (Aitken, Citation1996; Huang, Citation1996; Kitayama, Citation1996).](/cms/asset/4c9d47bd-7d30-4682-a2f6-67febaf218e1/oaen_a_1333273_f0018_b.gif)
Figure 19. Baby stroller designs in 1997 (Eichhorn, Citation1997; Graziano & Graziano, Citation1997; Kolbus, Citation1997).
![Figure 19. Baby stroller designs in 1997 (Eichhorn, Citation1997; Graziano & Graziano, Citation1997; Kolbus, Citation1997).](/cms/asset/f34b76f4-e639-4838-ae13-9b43aaf72ac5/oaen_a_1333273_f0019_b.gif)
Figure 20. Baby stroller designs in 1998 (Huang, Citation1998; Saint & Pike, Citation1998; Wang, Citation1998).
![Figure 20. Baby stroller designs in 1998 (Huang, Citation1998; Saint & Pike, Citation1998; Wang, Citation1998).](/cms/asset/2ff423b4-33eb-4038-bc53-be0474cc2749/oaen_a_1333273_f0020_b.gif)
Figure 21. Baby stroller designs in 1999 (Andrus, Citation1999; Chen et al., Citation1999; Davidson, Citation1999).
![Figure 21. Baby stroller designs in 1999 (Andrus, Citation1999; Chen et al., Citation1999; Davidson, Citation1999).](/cms/asset/77989fe1-4d4c-4af7-b80c-5fec2bda3d19/oaen_a_1333273_f0021_b.gif)
Figure 22. Baby stroller designs in 2000 (Hartenstine, Citation2000; Lan, Citation2000; Rura, Citation2000).
![Figure 22. Baby stroller designs in 2000 (Hartenstine, Citation2000; Lan, Citation2000; Rura, Citation2000).](/cms/asset/af8cffd9-33b0-4663-a11e-2d32befb2343/oaen_a_1333273_f0022_b.gif)
Figure 23. Baby stroller designs in 2001 (Anderson, Citation2001; Glover et al., Citation2001; Worth, Citation2001).
![Figure 23. Baby stroller designs in 2001 (Anderson, Citation2001; Glover et al., Citation2001; Worth, Citation2001).](/cms/asset/9e972f66-50f7-4a92-9f11-2b0b79de0f49/oaen_a_1333273_f0023_b.gif)
Figure 24. Baby stroller designs in 2002 (Hsia, Citation2002; Suh, Citation2002; Suzuki, Citation2002).
![Figure 24. Baby stroller designs in 2002 (Hsia, Citation2002; Suh, Citation2002; Suzuki, Citation2002).](/cms/asset/edf5889b-3eae-4d33-9617-0259d70e270a/oaen_a_1333273_f0024_b.gif)
Figure 25. Baby stroller designs in 2003 (Barenbrug, Citation2003; Hsia, Citation2003; O’Shen & Ayre, Citation2003).
![Figure 25. Baby stroller designs in 2003 (Barenbrug, Citation2003; Hsia, Citation2003; O’Shen & Ayre, Citation2003).](/cms/asset/645dec5a-5863-4c02-bb9b-f2ef597684c0/oaen_a_1333273_f0025_b.gif)
Figure 26. Baby stroller designs in 2004 (Hanson, Citation2004; Lan, Citation2004; Lin, Citation2004).
![Figure 26. Baby stroller designs in 2004 (Hanson, Citation2004; Lan, Citation2004; Lin, Citation2004).](/cms/asset/9d1a3baf-444c-4d30-82f7-e688d073031e/oaen_a_1333273_f0026_b.gif)
Figure 27. Baby stroller designs in 2005 (Bretschger & Myers, Citation2005; Guo, Citation2005; Yoshie et al., Citation2005).
![Figure 27. Baby stroller designs in 2005 (Bretschger & Myers, Citation2005; Guo, Citation2005; Yoshie et al., Citation2005).](/cms/asset/7e5933ce-25d3-47c6-8983-38e64c9c7848/oaen_a_1333273_f0027_b.gif)
Figure 28. Baby stroller designs in 2006 (Besaw, Citation2006; Knight, Citation2006; Sedlack, Citation2006).
![Figure 28. Baby stroller designs in 2006 (Besaw, Citation2006; Knight, Citation2006; Sedlack, Citation2006).](/cms/asset/97e6541e-b6fc-41af-ae20-b2b5e6ec1944/oaen_a_1333273_f0028_b.gif)
Figure 29. Baby stroller designs in 2007 (Chen, Citation2007; Espenshade et al., Citation2007; Madigan et al., Citation2007).
![Figure 29. Baby stroller designs in 2007 (Chen, Citation2007; Espenshade et al., Citation2007; Madigan et al., Citation2007).](/cms/asset/ab5715b6-8b45-457e-ad7c-a0656c724b3a/oaen_a_1333273_f0029_b.gif)
Figure 30. Baby stroller designs in 2008 (Lan, Citation2008; Lui, Citation2008; Yeh et al., Citation2008).
![Figure 30. Baby stroller designs in 2008 (Lan, Citation2008; Lui, Citation2008; Yeh et al., Citation2008).](/cms/asset/acdb06b6-737a-4aa6-99c4-951ed8000493/oaen_a_1333273_f0030_b.gif)
Figure 31. Baby stroller designs in 2009 (Huang, Citation2009; Cheng, Citation2009; Yoshie & Ukitsu, Citation2009).
![Figure 31. Baby stroller designs in 2009 (Huang, Citation2009; Cheng, Citation2009; Yoshie & Ukitsu, Citation2009).](/cms/asset/04c3a393-de98-4701-bb8a-e53cc6b8f9cb/oaen_a_1333273_f0031_b.gif)
Figure 32. Baby stroller designs in 2010 (Cone, Citation2010; Hou, Citation2010; Longenecker & Williams, Citation2010).
![Figure 32. Baby stroller designs in 2010 (Cone, Citation2010; Hou, Citation2010; Longenecker & Williams, Citation2010).](/cms/asset/b9cf3c19-5e64-4933-8f02-d9a94f47f50a/oaen_a_1333273_f0032_b.gif)
Figure 33. Baby stroller designs in 2011 (Chen & Zhong, Citation2011; Cone, Citation2011; Yeh, Citation2011).
![Figure 33. Baby stroller designs in 2011 (Chen & Zhong, Citation2011; Cone, Citation2011; Yeh, Citation2011).](/cms/asset/4d4efc7d-b427-47bb-a196-0426f9251313/oaen_a_1333273_f0033_b.gif)
Figure 34. Baby stroller designs in 2012 (Fritz et al., Citation2012; Longenecker & Greger, Citation2012; Saville et al., Citation2012).
![Figure 34. Baby stroller designs in 2012 (Fritz et al., Citation2012; Longenecker & Greger, Citation2012; Saville et al., Citation2012).](/cms/asset/07624c02-663f-4668-a687-608a36e1add3/oaen_a_1333273_f0034_b.gif)
Figure 35. Baby stroller designs in 2013 (Chen & Li, Citation2013; Chen & Xiao, Citation2013; Li, Citation2013).
![Figure 35. Baby stroller designs in 2013 (Chen & Li, Citation2013; Chen & Xiao, Citation2013; Li, Citation2013).](/cms/asset/a9330b0e-4e1e-4706-a757-37df770359f2/oaen_a_1333273_f0035_b.gif)
Figure 36. Baby stroller designs in 2014 (Adolfsson & Thalen, Citation2014; Conrad & Chen, Citation2014; Hatfield & Tena, Citation2014).
![Figure 36. Baby stroller designs in 2014 (Adolfsson & Thalen, Citation2014; Conrad & Chen, Citation2014; Hatfield & Tena, Citation2014).](/cms/asset/1380e720-4cfe-4a2e-bbab-6f1f6b64c13e/oaen_a_1333273_f0036_b.gif)
Figure 47. Frame cross-section (Sanders, Citation2001).
![Figure 47. Frame cross-section (Sanders, Citation2001).](/cms/asset/a37a7bb4-fe6e-4300-81d9-40c9ada394d6/oaen_a_1333273_f0047_oc.gif)